Disadvantages Of Genetic Engineering - 1663 Words

Modern technology has changed rapidly over the years, one of these innovations is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. it is a set of biotechnologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Genetic engineering can be used for many manipulations in one s genes. Particularly, it may be used for changing the sequence of genes so that if a person s DNA has a gene for a certain disease it†¦show more content†¦The Biblical creation story states that God created man in his own image (Genesis 1: 11-12). If humans can be artificially created, then scientific achievement is reaching the realms of the heavens and causing humans to overreach his natural boundary. if we ignore the principle belief of the old testament, that God is the creator of all that surrounds us and is the only one capable of creating life, then the rest of the Old Testament can’t be authentic. In addition, scientists know from experience that cutting-edge technology generates pressures for its use. Consequently, it is likely that, if genetic engineering were permitted, the technology would be utilized inappropriately,† When humans discover new advancements, we are never satisfied, we are always trying to be better. So, if genetic engineering is used without limits and control, humans would constantly try to remove blemishes, resulting in nothing left. Therefore, morality is based on conditions, like whether or not the manipulation is done for the prevention of diseases? Or just to change traits into favorable ones. Morals are decided based on the situation at hand. Therefore, it is only moral to use genetic engineering for th e prevention of diseases. It should be only used to prevent diseases because these may be life threatening diseases and if there s anything parents can do to prevent theirShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering3368 Words   |  14 PagesGenetic Engineering / Advantages and Disadvantages During the latter stage stages of the 20th century, man harnessed the power of the atom, and not long after, soon realised the power of genes. Genetic engineering is going to become a very mainstream part of our lives sooner or later, because there are so many possibilities advantages (and disadvantages) involved. Here are just some of the advantages : * Disease could be prevented by detecting people/plants/animals that are genetically prone toRead MoreWhat Is Genetic Engineering?954 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the modification of an organisms genetic composition by artificial mans, it often involves the transferring a specific traits- genes from one organism to the other- this could be a plant or an animal. It is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genes- the genetic material. What is genetic engineering used for? It is used to change the genetic makeup of cells which spontaneously includes the transferRead MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 Pages6.1) Genetic engineering is the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. Develops a technique that produces unlimited amount of biological product by introducing DNA isolated from animals or plants into bacteria, and then harvesting the human insulin gene(product) from a bacterial colony (your genome 2016). Thus, the result of genetic engineeringRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Food1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe alteration of plant and animal genetic codes for the ultimate purpose of increasing food abundance is an increasingly popular, yet controversial practice in the 21st century. Genetic engineering of food is done for a number of reasons, the biggest of which is increasing food supplies in the world, especially for the third world countries. However, there are arguments and even activist movements against genetic eng ineering of food, which begs the question â€Å"why is genetically engineered food soRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Designer Babies1077 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering is the process in which new DNA can be added to an organism in order to alter its genetic makeup . ‘Designer Babies’ is a term developed by journalists to describe children born from genetically modified embryos. These modifications are done through In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), a process in which eggs are fertilised with sperm in a laboratory outside the mother’s body. There are only two legal forms of using IVF to select embryos based on genetic makeup, which are gender selectionRead MoreBenefits Of Genetic Engineering711 Words   |  3 PagesShould genetic engineering be allowed? â€Å"With genetic engineering, we will be able to increase the complexity of DNA, and improve the human race.† - Stephen Hawking. Genetic engineering is the genetic modification of an organism’s phenotype, also known as an organism’s genetic makeup. Genetic engineering can have its advantages and disadvantages, but I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages. There are a number of benefits that we can only discover if scientists consider to study andRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning that their genetic materials have been modified. This modification is achieved through a technological method, genetic engineering. Genetic engineering also known as recombinant DNA technology/genetic modification is a science that employs molecular biology techniques so as to modify or alter the genome of an organism. It involves manipulation of an organism’s genome directly by use of biotechnology . Typically, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is an exogenous genetic material, is insertedRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering has been a major topic of discussion ever since Dolly the sleep was cloned. Its raises ethical, moral and religious questions due to the fact it is tampering with the makeup of organisms, and certain religions believe it is not our right to do this. Genetic engineering involves the re-arranging of DNA sequences, artificial horizontal gene transfer and cloning. There has been little progressRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Defining Our Children s Traits912 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic Engineering: Defining Our Children’s Traits is an article that explains the concept of altering genes and the advances we have had with genetics. The article starts out by explaining the genetic makeup of humans. Just like we learned in class diploid babies have one alleles from mom and one alleles’ from the father. The articles states how our DNA have genes that are about equal portion from our mother and father. It then goes on to talk about how we are made from the code that our genesRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is The Making Of New Genetic Material Of An Organism From Pre Made Material1119 Words   |  5 PagesPeter Miller Mrs. Knetter IB Biology February 23rd 2016 Genetic engineering is the making of new genetic material of an organism from pre-made material. Generically, it uses ancient practises of selecting a certain organism to breed and hybridize. Genetic engineering is done by involving the manipulating the DNA. Restriction enzymes are used produced by different species of bacteria. Vectors are important in the DNA manipulation which carry fragments of DNA from organism to organism called

Sociology - 1259 Words

The concept of sociology had been recognized by independent philosophers since the dawn of organized civilization. Philosophers such as Confucius and Xenophanes in their works had hinted at the clash of cultures and social hierarchy. Later, in the 14th century, Arab scholars such as Al Jahiz and Ibn Khalduns compliled books on the history of society itself. These works are known to be forerunners of sociology. In fact, books written by Ibn Khaldun on social cohesion and conflict were translated into Latin in the 15th century. However, Sociology as a discipline has only been around since the late 17th century. Sociology then was very much the product of a rapidly changing world, from the violent revolutions in France to the subtle†¦show more content†¦Interest was further fueled in these societies as major urban centers were also a place of conflict. Rural immigrants from all around the country would often have to live in one spot to work for a certain company, and that crea tes problems of its own. Phenomenon such as the adoption of nuclear families, cases of suicide and ethnic violence in the communities were noted by sociologists during the period. The end result of the movement led to a society in which a few profited greatly, while the majority suffered under long working hours and poor living conditions. As a consequence, reactionary anti-capitalist and pro-labor movements sprung up all around Europe which were dedicated to overthrow this new social order. The most notable of social commentators of the time was Karl Marx. Karl Marx championed his own version of communism which is now known as Marxism. He believed that if society continued to be guided by capitalism, there would eventually come a time when the workers would overthrow the rich owner. Karl Marx was critical of the capitalist society and engaged in political activities to somehow bring about its downfall. Most sociologists of the time tried to bring about reform through more gradual means as they feared a radical form of socialism more than capitalism itself. Imperialism in context of sociology An unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship between state actors in the form of an empire is known as Imperialism.Show MoreRelatedSocial, Sociology, And Sociology857 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals who need that extra support. Social work as a subject area includes elements of psychology, law and sociology. Social policy is the study of various areas of policy, within political or governmental setting, and is concerned with everything from the welfare state, to social services. Social policy is an academic study of theory, rather than current policies and draws from psychology, sociology, philosophy, and economics. What A Levels do I need? Each university will ask for varying grades and tariffRead MoreSociology : The Function Of Sociology951 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Observation Essay Sociology is the study of development and functioning of humans in society, in other words how a person reacts in a certain situation. Although hard to understand, sociology has many important points that add into the development of someones personality, values, religion, education, etc. As Pierre Bourdieu once said â€Å"The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden.† In this case, the social group that I had studied for 24 hours had manyRead MoreThe Basic Tools Of Sociology And Sociology1034 Words   |  5 PagesArgument: In this piece, Weber outlines the basic tools of sociology and distinguishes sociology as a social science. Weber’s main message in this piece is that that social sciences should be equivalent to natural sciences, and in order to do so, laws should be made within the field. Secondly, he wanted to bring history and sociology together with causal relationships, in doing so he would also analyze the individual’s social action. He mentions that action is only social when it is oriented to theRead MoreSociology1447 Words   |  6 Pagescome to be called the labour process approach. †¢ Context for Braverman: ⠝‘ Braverman associated with Monthly Review journal – founded in 1949 by Paul Sweezy and Leo Huberman. An influential journal but little impact on American sociology. Best known product of this school is Baran and Sweezy’s Monopoly Capital (1966). Indeed, Braverman’s analysis of work is predicated theoretically upon Baran and Sweezy’s analysis of ‘Monopoly Capital’ [ie oligopolistic, ‘organized’ capitalism. Read MoreSociology1681 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctionalism) of social class .Following this, it will look at the changes of social class. Finally, it will discuss weather the class of Britain will be dead. Theories of social class There are three basic theories which can explain social class in the sociology history. Marxism was established by Karl Marx(1813-1883).Marx explained that a social class is a group of people who have common relationship to the means of production. For Marx (2008:26), society was characterizes by two social groups: bourgeoisieRead MoreSociology1711 Words   |  7 Pagestake away from this is that you don’t shape reality, culture shapes you and how you view reality. For people who don’t know what sociology is or had no idea what it was before entering the class as I did myself, it can be simply described as a study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. A way of understanding sociology can be done through your own sociological imagination. It would be a tool that provides many important perspectives on the worldRead MoreSociology : Sociology And Sociological Thinking978 Words   |  4 PagesSociology and sociological thinking are a vital part of society, and through examining both society and individuals, sociology is able to make changes to areas such as policies, and attitudes that may have usually negatively affected them, and instead gained a positive result through the careful research, and applied knowledge. Sociology is the study of groups and individuals and the cause and effects of each, to each other, and overall society. ‘Sociology is a technical and difficult subject andRead MoreSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSociology : Social Science And Sociology1386 Words   |  6 Pagesto the history of sociology, it was the nineteenth century that sociology emerged, with the word ‘ sociology ’ appeared in the Cours de ph ilosophie Positive Book 4[ Auguste Comte,1838 Cours de philosophie Positive] by Comte in 1838. The social forces, however, were complicated actually, which included both social, economical, cultural and even a little bit of political or religious elements. This essay explains these factors in the following part. 2.1 Social Science and Sociology The philosophesRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 Pagesex un touchables of the caste groups. they work as landless laborers. Describe the factors and forces of social mobility. ESO 13 Sociology succeeded in establishing themselves as disciplines in India in the years following the end of World War I, despite an unfavorable academic environment. Sociology evolved as an academic response to the challenges of religion, tradition and literature in the medieval India and modernity, such as industrialization, urbanization

Tragedy And The Common Man Vs Death Of A Salesman

Prompt One— An evaluation of Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross and Miller’s Death of a Salesman both depicts a protagonist that grapples with a moral discrepancy of ideals and disillusionment. This conflict is directly affected by a personal choice that later becomes irrevocable. Shelly from Glengarry Glen Ross and Death of a Salesman Willy, struggle to preserve their reputation. Intertwined with external pressure and family dynamics, these characters represent the quintessential elements of a tragic hero. The social standing of the two protagonists concerns the common man. A typical criteria of a tragic hero examines the plight of kings. However, Willy and Shelly do not come from an aristocratic background. Rather, their nobility lies in†¦show more content†¦However, this â€Å"personal dignity† that Willy and Shelly are latched onto ultimately became their downfall. In which case, this also follows with Aristotle’s specification, â€Å"The her o must have a weakness, usually it is pride† (Aristotle). The â€Å"hubris† as Aristotle further notes is the character’s demonstration of an excess of pride. In Death of a Salesman, Willy often ruminated on his past and attempted to relive certain situations and experiences. This later developed into delusion, as Willy often talked to himself and experienced hallucinations. Willy also enjoyed bragging, and frequently edited parts of reality when recounting the past. This was in favor of portraying a certain image of himself. In doing so, Willy created a facade of the perfect and well-liked man. Willy’s stories become so convincing that his family, as well as himself, believe that this representation is, in fact a true depiction. The ideology that charisma is the driving force to success is derived from Willy; he teaches this to his sons Biff and Happy. Miller writes in Willy’s conversation to his sons, â€Å"Be liked and you will never want. You take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line to see a buyer. â€Å"Willy Loman is here!† That’s all they have to know, and I go right through.† (Death of a Salesman 21). This ideology demonstrates that Willy fitsShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Salesman vs. Tragedy and the Common Man1220 Words   |  5 PagesIt makes little sense that tragedy should only pertain to those in high ranks. As explained in his essay Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller establishes the pattern for his own notion of a tragedy and the consequent ramifications for the tragic hero. This pattern supports the central idea that a tragedy can occur for characters who are common men as well as those in high places. Throughout his paper, Miller demonstrates that it should be possible for every reader to be able to identify withRead MoreAristoles View on Drama1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent categories of drama: comedy and tragedy. Greek theater used two masks known as Thalia (comedy mask) and Melpomene (tragedy mask) to symbolize these two types. In a general sense comedy and tragedy differ only in there endings. For instance both comedies and tragedies can hav e moments of laughter and sadness, but comedies end happy while tragedies end very sad. While both genres of drama have greatly influenced theater as we know it today, Greek tragedy is better known as having a more importantRead MoreDeath of a Salesman (Analysis and Personal Reaction)2850 Words   |  12 PagesDeath of Salesman is a a very deep play written by Arthur Miller about a salesman struggling to keep his grip on reality and his family. This play is a memory play, switching from present to past and vice versa whenever Willy, the salesman and father of the family, has a moment of insanity and returns to times gone by. Being memory, it allows for music to announce emotions and characters, and well as exaggerations and/or omissions. As Tom says in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie: Being aRead MoreLiterary Review of Rabbit Run by John Updike Essays3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Review of Rabbit Run by John Updike John Updikes novel, Rabbit, Run, is about a man named Harry â€Å"Rabbit† Angstrom. Rabbit is a brainless guy whose career as a high school basketball star peaked at age 18. In his wifes view, he was, before their early, hasty marriage, already drifting downhill. We meet him for the first time in this novel, when he is 22, and a salesman in the local department store. Married to the second best sweetheart of his high school years, he is the fatherRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagesearly life in his famous book The Autobiography. Benjamin Franklin He was the first great self-made man in America, a poor democrat born in an aristocratic age supported the cause of independence,, and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence. Practical yet idealistic, hard working and enormously successful. the Scottish philosopher David Hume called him Americas first great man of letters†. Major Works Franklin’s place in literature owes much to his almanac and autobiography: Read MoreAnalysis on Conversation Features. Differenfes Between British and American English16034 Words   |  65 Pagesdon’t/didn’t + know/think/want + dependent clause structure: I dont know why Clare had to move me to Jennys old room. (Teachers) I dont think thats possible, Susan. (Teachers) 4 Besides, lexical bundles appear more frequently in Teachers (30 vs. 17 examples in Six feet under). This difference may be due to –as we have stated before‒ the fact that British speakers employ, grammatically, a more â€Å"relaxed† way of speaking. 3. Conversation is interactive As we have seen before, conversationRead MoreA Theoretical Perspective on Dowry Deaths in India22724 Words   |  91 PagesPerspective on Dowry Deaths in India Objectives: a) To understand the concept of dowry as has originated and evolved in India. b) To conceptualize modern day consequences of dowry system. c) To refer to various laws in India and find out reasons for ineffectuality. d) To analyze the trend lay down in this regard by way of various judicial decisions. e) To critically analyze the reasons for divergence between the object of law with regard to dowry death and the practiceRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages466 Acme Corporation 470 12 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 473 Facilities Scheduling at Mayer Manufacturing 475 Scheduling the Safety Lab 478 Telestar International 480 The Problem with Priorities 482 13 MORALITY AND ETHICS 485 The Tylenol Tragedies 487 14 MANAGING SCOPE CHANGES 515 Denver International Airport (DIA) 517 15 WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION 561 Photolite Corporation (A) 563 Photolite Corporation (B) 566 Photolite Corporation (C) 569 Photolite CorporationRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specifiedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages225 Creative Style Assessment 226 Scoring Key 226 Comparison Data 226 SKILL PRACTICE Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 227 Observer’s Feedback Form 227 Answer to Matchstick Problem in Figure 3.4 229 Answer to Shakespeare Riddle in Figure 3.5 229 Some Common Themes Applying to Water and Finance 229 Answer to Name That Ship Problem in Figure 3.6 230 Answer to Nine-Dot Problem in Figure 3.7 230 Answer to Embedded Pattern Problem in Figure 3.8 231 PART II 4 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 BUILDING

Wedding Speech Grandmother And I Sat On Her Velvet Soft...

Grandmother and I sat on her velvet soft carpet looking in photo albums and old dusty time capsules of her past relatives, I felt peace and happiness. She told me of her mothers and fathers and what had they Asachieved in their time. Suddenly, in one of the boxes I saw a piece of green metal, the color of the Statue of Liberty. I asked Grandma what it was. â€Å"Oh Emma dear, this was my Grandmother’s lucky penny. She gave it to me and I shall give it to you. It will bring you good luck,† cooed Grandma. â€Å"You really mean it!?† â€Å"Yes,† said Grandma. When I examined it more carefully, I noticed a small silver scrape across the top of it. I asked her about it and she said, â€Å"Signs of wear my darling. This way, you will have always have a†¦show more content†¦Still, it didn’t fill the empty hole left in my heart. A few weeks later I was lying in bed with my fists clutching the penny inside, and tears running through my eyes like a million little raindrops. Drip, drop, drip, drop! Life felt very different without Grandma and Grandpa living a short five-minute walk down the street. I tried to go on with my normal life, but I still felt lonely without them. My mom suggested maybe I could sign up to play a new sport or something. The only problem with that is every time I thought of sports, it reminded me that’s the reason Grandma and Grandpa moved in the first place. But the more I thought about it, the more I realized I needed something to keep my mind on something other than missing my grandparents. Besides, basketball did look kind of fun. And one of my best friends Lauren mentioned trying out when we were eating lunch in the cafeteria last week. Two days later, on Friday, I sprang out of bed, filled with excitement and a little bit of butterflies in my stomach. It was the big day of basketball tryouts. First, I put on my brand new basketball outfit my grandparents sent me from their new store. I love getting new clothes! It even smelled new. My grandma knows me so well! Black top and on the back, the word Edwin (my last name) spelled in perfect aqua letters, with the number ten (my favorite number) under it. My school colors! For the first time since they moved, I couldn’t help but

William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience Free Essays

string(144) " The harmlessness of the lamb and the purity of the heart of a child are nothing but the manifestation of heart nor does he act premeditatedly\." Trace how Flake’s thought develops from his poem ‘The Lamb’ and ‘The Tiger’ together- â€Å"l have no name: I am but two days old. † What shall I call thee? â€Å"l happy am, Joy is my name. † Sweet Joy befall thee! † ‘ The good character as well as the bad abstractions such as virtues and vices is framed up in symbols to elaborate their suggestiveness and implications. We will write a custom essay sample on William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Flake’s cosmology is too large and complex to be given in brief. His symbols help to express his visions which may be obscure to a common reader. Blake says: â€Å"Allegory is addressed to the intellectual powers, while it is altogether hidden from the corporeal. Understanding is my definition of the Most Sublime Poetry. † From this it is clear that in his view poetry is concerned with something else than the phenomenal world and that the only meaner of expressing it is through what he calls ‘allegory. For Blake allegory is a system of symbols which presents events in a spiritual world. The modest Rose puts forth a thorn, The humble Sheep a threatening horn; White the Lily white shall in love delight, Nor a thorn nor a threat stain her beauty bright. † Blake imagined himself under spiritual influences. He saw various forms and heard he voices of angels, fairies, kings of the past and even God; the past and future were before him and he heard in imagination, even the awful voice which called on Adam amongst the trees of the garden. In this kind of dreaming abstraction, he lived much of his life; all his s wor ks are stamped with it. Though this visionary aspect explains much of the mysticism and obscurity of his work, it is also the element that makes his poems singular in loveliness and beauty. It is amazing that he could thus, month after month and year after year, lay down his engraver after it had earned him his lily wages, and retire from s the battle, to his imagination where he could experience scenes of more than-earthly splendor and creatures pure as unfasten dew. Like Sweeteners, Blake narrates things unheard and unseen; more purely a mystic than Sweeteners, he does not condescend to dialectics and scholastic divinity. Those who fancy that a dozen stony syllogisms seal up the perennial fountain of our deepest questions, will affirm that Flake’s belief was an illusion, constant and self-consistent and harmonious with the world throughout the whole of a man’s life, cannot differ from much reality. However, it is also important to note hat he was unlike common atheists. â€Å"Selfish Father of Men! Cruel, Jealous, selfish Fear! Can delight, Chained in night, The virgins of youth and morning bear? In the clash of creeds, it is always a comfort to remember that sects with their sectaries, orthodox or otherwise, could not intersect all, if they were not in the same plane. [My spiritual intelligence is certainly becoming confused by your words of conflicting conclusions, therefore ascending one of them; please reveal definitely that by which I may obtain the greatest benefit. ] We find in Flake’s poetry many of the elements characterizing Romantic poetry. The world of imagination is the world of Eternity’, says Blake. In his championship of liberty, his mysticism, naturalism, idealization of childhood, and simplicity Blake could be called a precursor of Romantic poetry in nineteenth century England. â€Å"Now enjoy†¦. Dip him in the river who loves water†¦.. The busy bee has no time for sorrow†¦.. The most sublime act is to set another before you†¦ The cistern contains: the fountain overflow†¦. † In explaining these lines we waver in interpreting the drops of tears that water the heaven as the outcome of the rage of the defeated rebelling angels or as tears of Eric. If this wrath is one of the two aspects of God, the tiger’s cruelty and wildness is only superficially fearful. It can otherwise be construed as a prophetic rage. But after, all wrath and mercy unite at the same point where the ultimate reality of God is felt. There are two meaner for the achievement of the goal, the first being through the ‘innocence’ of the lamb and other being through the ‘experience’ of the tiger. The close of the poem gives us the clue: the daring of the creator whether God or man is the cleansing wrath of the tiger. Blake is first and foremost a poet of visions and mysticism. But of, his visions are not confined to a narrow streamline of thought about futurity alone; they take the present into consideration and unfold those aspects of contemporary society detrimental to free growth of the mental powers of man. He ridicules the artificial ethos of religion that professes a complete negation of man’s sensual life and vehemently argues for a more complete life which combines the senses and the spirit. He probes beneath the surface of things and exposes the roots of social vices, the hidden sores and scars of a tradition-bound society. â€Å"Can a mother sit and hear An infant groan, and infant fear? No, no! Ever can it be! Never, never can it be! † Flake’s maxim that the human soul is made of contrary elements can be applied here also. Indistinct and imagination or the beastly and divine nature of man is necessary for a fuller life of the soul and for its progress. It is a grievous mistake to sanctify the lamb and turn an eye of defiance towards the tiger. Blake opposes such a view and gives equal prominence to sense and soul, the wild and meek aspects of human beings. â€Å"Does spring hide its Joy When buds and blossoms grow? † What holds our attention is not merely the brute’s beauty but the mystery and repose behind its creation. In ‘The Lamb’ the poet visualizes the holiness of the lamb and child and unifies them with Jesus Christ. It is obvious that the link that connects these figures is ‘innocence’. The harmlessness of the lamb and the purity of the heart of a child are nothing but the manifestation of heart nor does he act premeditatedly. You read "William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience" in category "Papers" The air of innocence is clearly visible on the face of all the three of them. â€Å"How sweet is the Shepherd’s sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he strays; He shall follow his sheep all the day, And his tongue shall be filled with praise. † More than this element of innocence there is another thread of connection between the lamb and Christ. Christ refers to himself as the Lamb of God: â€Å"The lamb of God that take away the sin of the world. † In the Bible Christ is referred to both as a lamb and as a shepherd. In this aspect the lamb has a religious significance too. (â€Å"The whole universe is a symbol, and God is the essence behind. † ? Swami Vegetarian ?) ‘The Tiger’ displays the poet’s excellence in craftsmanship and descriptive skill. In the forest of experience Blake finds the bright- eyed tiger which appears to involve all the cosmic forces. The tiger has made its appearances in the ‘Prophetic books’ of Blake. The poet’s reliance in the cosmic and preternatural forces is increasingly exemplified and asserted when he describes the creation and the creator of the tiger. The creator is a supernatural being and not necessarily the Christian God. The creation, according to another elucidation takes place in an extraordinary cosmic commotion. When the constellations turn round in their course there is a move from light to darkness. The pattern and method of asking questions here are quite different from those employed in ‘The Lamb’. In ‘The Tiger’ the questions are put in a terrified and awe-inspired tone. It is also held that ‘The Tiger’ deals with the colossal problem of evil, but in Blake evil does not exist as an abstract quality. Instead, the evil is embodied in the wrath of God. Christ, like all other Gods, has a dual duty. He punishes the sinners and offenders and loves the followers. Thus Christ or God becomes the God of both love and unkindness. The fire is a popular symbol of wrath. Milton and Spencer have described wrath as fire, but we are not to misapprehend Flake’s use of wrath as one of the ‘deadly sins’ by the miracle and morality plays. Blake finds virtue in wrath and what he describes in the righteous indignation or the wrath of a pious soul. In addition to this, if we also construe the symbolic meaning of the forest, then we can substantiate the meaning of the lines. â€Å"Tiger Tiger burning bright In the forests of the night. † The poet is struck with surprise and awe to behold the wild animal’s majestic elegance and grandeur. Its symmetry is fearful and the glow of its eyes is unearthly. When the process of creation is over, â€Å"a terrible beauty is born. † The strength of the animal and its moves/ are its peculiar features. The tiger beyond its superficial tatty is a prototype of God whose harsher aspect is present n the wildness of the creature. It is a contrast and counterpart to the innocence of the lamb. The poet wonders: â€Å"Did he who made the Lamb make thee? † In the poem ‘The Tiger’ a description of the process of creation is given, but no clarification is given about who the creator is. In the first stanza the creator is described as having wings by which he may have reached the skies to bring the fire for the luster of the wild beast. The creation of the tiger is conveyed in words and phrases which, though meaningful in their totality, do not yield any explicit elucidation of the creator. We sense the strong shoulders thrusting forward in the process of forging the body of the carnivore. The dexterity of the strokes is further conveyed in the ‘dread hand’ which is gifted with unprecedented craftsmanship. If the ‘dread feet’ and ‘dread hand’ are applied to those of the busily engaged creator we can elicit the fact that those limbs are busy in working diligently. At the moment of achieving the perfection of his sublime creation the poem grows tense, the questions are broken in midway and the speaker’s hindered gasps let out incomplete harass of exclamation. â€Å"The star floor. The watery shore. Is given thee till the break of day. † In the world of innocence even the meanest creature such as a lamb (which is low only in the eyes of human beings) is treated as having unbound divinity. Here is an exclusive unification of the three characters- Christ, child and the Lamb who constitute the Christian concept of ‘Trinity in the world of innocence. Flake’s concept of God is closely aligned to his mysticism. He conceives of God as the very epitome of characteristics which man is capable of developing. If he nurtures these qualities, an can attain godliness-it merely depends on what set of qualities a man develops. A child asks a lamb if it knows its merciful creator, its feeder or the giver of its delightful and coos clothing of fleece. He also asks the lamb whether it knows who gave it its tender voice that fills the valleys with pleasant Joy and music. Quite childlike, the lines â€Å"Little lamb who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? † are repeated, presumable with wonder in the eyes of the child. The speaker does not wait for any answer. He tells the lamb that its creator is one who is called after the name of the lamb itself. He is one who calls Himself a lamb. He is meek and mild and came on earth as a little child. The poem comes to have a meaningful pause at this juncture. The questions are asked, answers done and the child (or the poet) turns to conclude the lines in a wise hymnal vein or spiritual implication. He says: â€Å"l a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by His name:† Blake intends to suggest that the great purpose of wrath is to consume error, to annihilate those stubborn beliefs which cannot be removed by the tame â€Å"horses of instruction. It is typical of Blake to ask questions when he is overpowered by wonder ND amazement and it is effective especially in the case of this poem, where it results in an â€Å"intense improvisation†. The phrase fearful symmetry- whatever is possible in symbolic suggestions- is clearly the initial puzzle† the ‘symmetry implies an orderin g hand or intelligence, the fearful’ throws doubt about the benevolence of the creator. The forest of the night’ is the darkness out of which the tiger looms brilliant by contrast: They also embody the doubt or confusion that surrounds the origins of the tiger. In the case of the lamb the creator â€Å"is meek and he is mild†:†He became a little hill†. In the case of the tiger creator is again like what he creates. The form that must be supplied Him is now that of the Promethean Smith working violently at the forge. The tiger is an image of the Creator: its dreaded terror must be His. â€Å"In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thin eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? † There is scarcely any poem in Songs of Innocence and of Experience which does not have a symbolic or allegorical or allusive implication. Though these poems are rendered in the simplest possible poems is somewhat scriptural- simple and rebound at the same time. The Biblical allusions add prodigious significance to his poems when foe example, we read the ‘The Shepherd’ it commemorates Christ as the Good Shepherd and reminds us that the parables are clad in pastoral elements. Without reference to the Bible the poem, ‘The Shepherd’ is meaningless and insignificant. Furthermore, Blake makes use of Biblical phrases too, as we see in the poem ‘The Lamb’. Gave thee life, and bid thee feed, By the stream and o’er the mead; Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright: Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice? † In Songs of Innocence and of Experience, Flake’s symbols are not as obscure or abstruse as we find them in his other poems. In his later poems (Prophetic Books) they are rather incomprehensible. The principal symbols used by Blake have been classified by critics as innocence symbols. Many of these, of course, overlap, and among themselves weave richness into Flake’s poetry. Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down, And the dews of night arise†¦ † In the first, the word ‘dews’ evokes an image of harmlessness but in the second context it evokes a feeling of chill and damp. In the first there is a feeling that the eight will pass, but in the second poem the word â€Å"dew’ assumes further ramifications of meaning. It implies materialism, the philosophy of experience, the indifference to spiritual truth. Knowledge of these symbolic meanings enriches our understanding of the poem. Blake gives his own interpretation to traditional symbols. The rose traditionally associated with love and modesty assumes the aura of ‘sicknesses and disease in Blake for he considered love to be free and honest and open in order to be good. The lily’s purity assumes added depth in Flake’s poetry, not because it is chaste but because it feels honestly. The sun flower’s movement with the sun has deep meaning: on the one hand it represents a search for spirituality: on the other, it expresses regret for being attached to the ground. The simple vocabulary and movement of Flake’s verse should not lull us into a feeling that the thought too is childish. Indeed there is a complex thread of syllogism in his poetry that gives multiple layers of meaning to his words. Sometimes this syllogism even lends obscurity to his poems because it evolves out of Flake’s own system of symbols. The manner in a particular mood is a remarkable illustrated in the ‘Nurse’s Songs’ in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience occur in both poems: yet the feelings evoked because of the accompanying words are in sharp contrast. â€Å"To this day they dwell In a lonely dell. Nor fear the wolfish howl Nor the lion’s growl. The world of ‘Experience’ welcomes a child of sorrow, who rather than being a fiend himself is also born into a monstrous world of totems and taboos. Strange to notice, it is not actually upon the growing boy that the shadows of prison house close; on the other hand, the shadows spread on the infant at the moment of birth itself. Predictably enough, there is no scope of a ‘heaven’ lying about its infancy. Its struggle begins from the very moment of its birth, it is choked from the very start of its life and it finds its only rest on its mother’s breast. As a contrast to ‘Infant Joy here the child is not a ‘Joy but a fiend’ and neither its mother nor the father, though it is not explicit from Flake’s poem, accords a warm s welcome to him. The child hides behind the cloud. The speaker is evidently the child himself who laments against life. â€Å"But to go to school in a summer morn, Oh! It drives all Joy away Under a cruel eye outworn The little ones spend the day In sighing and dismay. † Admittedly, the poem brings out Flake’s ideas on love and hints at his well-known belief that sex is not sinful. For Blake nakedness is a symbol of pure innocence and he lauds uninhabited love. The Golden Age is that in which the people have love for their fellowmen and mingle with one another freely. In the Golden Age love is not a crime but a grace and beauty signaling unbridled innocence, but in the present age the most tender sentiments are frozen by the trembling fear’ coming from the cruel eyes of experience. â€Å"In every cry of every Man In every Infant’s cry of fear In every voice, in every ban The mind-forged manacles I hear. Flake’s vision of man in Songs of Experience, especially with reference to ‘A Divine Image’ can be summed up as, The human dress is forge iron The human form is a fiery forge, The human face a furnace sealed, The human heart its hungry gorge. † The poem ‘A Divine Image’ is a contrast to ‘The Divine Image’ in its very title. In ‘The Divine Image’, the definite article ‘Theâ€⠄¢ shows the real, one and only Divine Image. In ‘A Divine Image’ the indefinite article ‘A’ points at a particular divine image which has a unique growth. The contrast is also visible in the two stanzas of these two poems. â€Å"For Mercy has a human heart, Pity a human face, And Love the human form divine. Love, Mercy, Pity, Peace†¦ † Can be seen as a stark contrast to the lines of ‘A Divine Image’ that run as: â€Å"Cruelty has a human heart And Jealousy a human face; Terror the human form divine And Secrecy the human dress. † This is truly terrifying. His soul (the human form) is burning with frightfulness within the iron body of secrecy (the condition of deceit; his face is a furnace sealed up wherein Jealousy rages; his heart is recklessly cruel. The imagery is similar to that of ‘The Tiger’, but where the Tiger had broken all bounds as a symbol of regeneration, man is here imprisoned in a ‘dress’ of an iron suit, of his own forging; and all his energies burn within it, consuming him. â€Å"For I dance, And strength and breadth, And the want Of thought is death;† Blake is not merely a revolutionary thinker on man’s physical or corporeal freedom; he is also one who broods over the spiritual freedom or spiritual salvation of mankind. The former point, showing Blake as a humanitarian, cans be well understood from poems such as ‘The Chimney-sweeper’, ‘Holy Thursday and ‘A little Girl Lost’. In all these cases Flake’s fury makes him lash out at the hypocrisy of man and the society that enslaves children to utter lifelessness. In ‘Holy Thursday Flake’s sympathetic and compassionate heart shares the agony of the children and his pent up feelings are let out through an ironical comment: â€Å"Beneath them sit the aged men wise guardians of the poor, Then cherish pity, lest you drive an angel from your door. William Blake is considered a precursor of Romantic Movement in English Literature. Romanticism laid considerable stress on the elements of imagination, tauter worship, humanitarianism, liberty, mysticism and symbolism. It differed from the outlook expounded by the preceding age of Neo classicism which promoted the notion of reason, balance and logic with regard t o prose and poetry. The Romantic creed of poetry rests on recording the simple emotions of humanity in a simple diction. Recollections of childhood (nostalgia) are also a common subject of Romanticism. When the voice of children are heard on the green And whisperings are in the dale, The days of my youth rise fresh in my mind, My face turns green and pale. † But of, the flood of feelings gains more fury in the poem of the same title in Songs of Experience: â€Å"Is this a holy thing to see In a rich and fruitful land. Babes reduced to misery, Fed with cold and usurious hand? † With vehemence Blake argues for the freedom of human energy too. He deplores any religion that denies sexual and emotional life of man. Virility and vigor are divine and its free play should never be hindered. He is called by thy name, For he calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild; He became a little child. † Many of Flake’s poems celebrate the divinity and innocence of not merely the child UT also the least harmless of creatures on earth, namely the lamb. The child asks the lamb if it knows who has created out. The child does not wait but answers his questions himself. He does so, we feel, not because the lamb cannot communicate, but because the child is so enthusiastic and eager to mention the creator and his virtues. He refers to the meekness of Christ, his glorious infancy as well as his reference to himself as a lamb. He concludes with a reference to his own and the lamb’s affinity to God and thus establishes their oneness. Qualities of simplicity, innocence and divinity are extended even to the world of animals and the innocent creatures like the lamb are raised from their level of lowness in the human eye. Both the child and Christ are unified with the lamb and the three forms the Trinity on earth. â€Å"Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright In the forest of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? In ‘The Shepherd’ the Shepherd is depicted as enjoying vast freedom, and his fortune is praised. He is so fortunate that he can wander about in carefree way wherever he chooses and sing in praise of God. Not only is he always near his lambs, listening to heir innocent cries, bleats and answering bleats ,but he is never exposed to the world of ‘Experien ce’ where he may be startled by roars of cruelty and fierceness. This is a simple pastoral poem in which liberty and freedom are praised. We are again brought to realize the affinity of lamb and innocence. Frowning, frowning night, O’er this desert bright Let the moon arise, While I close my eyes. † The pastoral convention, which represents the occupations of shepherds in an idealized way, against an idealized country background had to face severe criticism in the eighteenth century because of its unreality. It was held that men and women were neither so Joyful nor carefree, nor so innocent, as they were represented; but according to Blake, young children do have these qualities, they live in a golden world of their own. This convention is used by Blake to give us an insight into childhood, and one ‘state of human soul’. In the poem, the poet tells us about the valley along which he goes piping and about his sudden meeting with a child. The child bids him pipe a song about a lamb- another pastoral element. The ‘pipe’ is a conventional pastoral musical organ on which the shepherds play melodiously as the sheep graze. It is also worth nothing that when the child appeals to him to write down the song, the poet says â€Å"And I plucked a hollow reed, And I made a rural pen And I stained the water clear, And I wrote my happy songs Every child may Joy to hear. The phrase ‘reed’, ‘rural pen’ and Water clear’ contributes much to the elements of pastorals or rustic innocence. In the so-called world of experience, callousness, tyranny and insincerity await the blithe new-comer and subject him to an entire transformation. The child -turned-youth experiences a curb on his spontaneous instincts, by the repelling codes of social moralities and etiquette. There is hypo crisy in full swing and there is cruelty. In this unsanitary forge, he is reshaped and bestowed with an altered outlook. He is no more the rollicking child. His fertile imagination yields to the aged atrophied intellect and mature reason. He is in fact fallen’ or ‘lapsed’- fallen from his primordial abode of life. â€Å"What the hammer? What the chain? The two diverse natures- Innocence and Experience are essential for the ultimate salvation of his soul. From experience man moves to a world of higher innocence. Blake seems to argue that Joy and peace, which man had experienced in his holding, can have solid foundations only if man has experienced and overcome the impediments and unpleasant realities which day to-day life presents. That is to say, to attain a higher innocence man must be tested by suffering and misery, physical as well as emotional; he must go through the actual experience of life. Through the state of childhood innocence is charming; it is not prefect and cannot last long. For spiritual elevation, lessons from both experience and innocence are essential. â€Å"And it bears the fruit of Deceit, Ruddy and sweet to eat: And the raven his nest has made In its thickest shade. † Flake’s The Tiger blends child-like innocence with adult wisdom. The child-like innocence is revealed in the volley of questions and exclamations about the fearful symmetry of the tiger’s body and the reactions of the stars and God to the tiger’s creation. Like the innocent child the poet wonders to know who framed the tiger’s body, fearful but well-proportioned: â€Å"What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? † The following volley of questions bears the stamp of child-like innocence: â€Å"Shades of the prison-house begin to close Upon the growing boy. † Like a child not contaminated by the evils of experience the poet is curious to know what instruments were used to frame the tiger’s â€Å"fearful symmetry’. With the innocence of the child the poet thinks that the angels were so amazed to see the fearful tiger created that they threw down their spears and wept. He also wonders if God smiled with satisfaction to see his new creation (I. E. The tiger) – the wondering that becomes a child. Uniform spring and your day are wasted in play, And your winter and night in disguise. † With this child-like innocence is blended adult wisdom. The Tiger expresses the sadism (I. . Experience) that comes of age that becomes a man who has gone through his life. The wisdom sought to be conveyed is as follows. Man passes from innocence to experience. And for experience man has to pay a bitter price not merely in such unimportant things as comfort and peace of mind, but in the highest spiritual values. Experience debases and perverts noble desire. It destroys the state of childlike innocence and puts destructive forces in its place. It breaks the free life of imagination and substitutes a dark, cold, imprisoning fear, and the result is a deadly low to blithe human spirit. The fear and denial of life which come with experience breed hypocrisy which is as grave a sin as cruelty. To destroy these forces of experiences the benign creator assumes the role of a malignant creator. In the scheme of things the tiger is as much a necessity as the lamb. So the God who created the lamb also created tiger. In other words, is not only a God of mercy, but also a God of wrath, the creator of Satan and social and political cataclysms. Flake’s conception of God here betrays a striking similarity with the Hondo hydrological Avatar theory. Round the laps of their mothers Many sisters and brothers, Like birds in their nest, Are ready for rest; And sport no more seen On the darkening Green. † It is indispensable that the boy who enjoyed full freedom and liberty in innocence ought to pass into experience. This is because the design of human life gives prominence to the contrariety of human nature without which there is no ‘progression’. A complete life on earth meaner the life of innocence and experience. Without experience or innocence the life cycle is incomplete and imperfect. The memos of Songs of Innocence and of Experience are based on this viewpoint of contrariety. â€Å"Why of the sheep do you not learn peace Because I don’t want you to shear my fleece. † ‘The Tiger’ is typically representative of the most characteristic features of ‘experience’ which in the poetic context of Blake involves deep meaning. From this powerful symbol we construe that Blake was a devotee of energy which, for him, was an aspect of true divinity. In this poem the poet’s irrepressible curiosity at the extraordinarily exquisite creation of God finds its vent in small broken questions. After wondering at the symmetry of its body and stripes, the luster of its eyes, the strong muscles, elegant paws and its powerful strides, the poet turns to the reaction of the creator when he beholds his own creation. The poet says that God may have smiled at the surrender of the rebelling angels at his own master craftsmanship in the creation of the tiger. The ‘stars’ are the rebellious angels under Satan. When they failed to defeat God and were beaten they threw down their spears as in surrender and moaned for their defeat. It is after this event that God started creating inhabitants for the earth. So, at the time of the defeat of the rebelling angels, God might have Just finished the creation of the awesome tiger and smiled on his hidden purpose behind all his acts. â€Å"Because I was happy upon the heath, And smiled among the winter’s snow, They clothed me in the clothed of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. † ‘The Lamb’ is the most significant poem in the section of Innocence not merely because it propounds the idea of innocence in the simplest way, but also because here we notice the poet extending the world of innocence even to the animals that re insignificant and base in the human eye. In this poem we see a child patting a lamb and asking if it knows who the giver of its life and brad is. He asks it whether it knows who has given it the silken fleece immaculate white and thin voice of its bleat. The child himself answers his questions. He defines the Almighty God as who is known after the name of his lamb who is meek and gentle. Since God descended to the earth as infant Jesus he is also called a child. The child, lamb and God are all brought to unite to form a single divine entity. The essence of the poem lies in these How to cite William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, Papers

The impact of a Christian Worldview in the family Essay Example For Students

The impact of a Christian Worldview in the family Essay life Outline Introduction I. The Christian Worldview. II. Living the Christian Worldview in the Family Life. Conclusion Introduction: Do we have a narrow view of the Christian faith? Many see it as simply a personal relationship with God, a commitment to Sunday services, Wednesday evening Bible study, and a little witnessing. Those are all good activitiesas far as they go. But Christians need to realize that every decision they make reflects their core values. So choices about voting, budgeting, marriage, movies, and heroes are all philosophical issues. Christians who dont have a distinctively Christian philosophya view of the world informed by biblical truthwill easily be suckered into living by the worlds philosophies. This is why church pews may be full on Sundays, but secular values dominate our culture. It is time for Christians to put away childish thinking and boldly confront the world with the message of Christ. I. The Christian Worldview. Each of us lives in a physical, economic, and social environment largely not of our making. Even so, we form part of our environment, and in visible and important ways we are formed by it. Furthermore, beyond our immediate surroundings lie urban, national, continental, and international cultures that also shape us. We can no more avoid participating in our surrounding cultures than we can avoid life itself. It is neither practical nor Christian to attempt to escape the major social structures in which human life occurs. God created the world; He is not its enemy. Christians believe God also ordained the primary orders of life, including family, government, community, human productivity, gainful employment, and commercial exchange. All of us come to know ourselves as participants in such structures even though they differ in particulars from one culture to another. If the creation is good, as the Bible declares, then so are the primary social structures that help make human life possible. A worldview is simply the lens through which we see and assess the whole of human culture and our place in it. It is one of the major devices by which we navigate life. Culture means the complex network of institutions, values, habits, tools, arts, and livelihoods that we create in community and that in turn shape us. Cultures are noticeably affected by their places in history and by their physical, spatial, technological, intellectual, and religious locations. Our worldview is strongly influenced by our place in a particular culture. Everyone has a world view. It is not only a human prerogative, but a human necessity. Usually we arent even conscious of our worldview(s). Like corrective lenses, they are transparent unless called to our attention or until we venture into a culture marked by another worldview. Even then, the ;strangeness; of the other worldview likely will impress us most. Developing a Christian worldview means coming to see the whole world through the eyes of the resurrected Lord, who has judged the powers of darkness and who is even now making all things new. Seeing this world as the scene of a new creation, Paul said, is possible only after one has experienced the new creation in ones self (2 Corinthians 5:14-21) . Only after the gospels complete degree has seized us, only after we understand that in Christ the Name of God is being declared in all the earth, can we understand and develop a Christian worldview. A Christian worldview leads to a new way of seeing and doing and it derives from a new way of being. Developing a Christian worldview requires that we submit all of lifes dimensions-individual and group, natural and technological, secular and sacred-to examination and reformation by the resurrected Christ (1 Corinthians 15:20-28) . Anyone not committed to comprehensive transformation should pay another visit to the meaning of discipleship. The Christian worldview is the truth from Christs point of view, informed by His prerogatives, not our feelings or experience. This is the truth that, when known, will set us free. Whether a person is Christian or not, he must acknowledge that the Bible describes a comprehensive perspective of life and the world. .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .postImageUrl , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:hover , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:visited , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:active { border:0!important; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:active , .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4 .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65b20c5395ecce846888ed0ba46607f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hawthorne Essay We must have a firm conviction that ;the earth is the Lords and the fullness thereof (Psalm 24:1) . Is this world .

Performance Management at Heinz Australia

Question: Case Study: Performance Management at Heinz Australia. Answer: Introduction Performance management includes various functions that a company gets involved in with a target of increasing the performance of different individuals inside the company so that the all-round performance of the company increased. Many functions are included in performance management which may involve schemes of training, systems for reward, various objective setting, and also a career plans among others. The main aim of performance management is to look that all sections in the company including the employees function towards getting the companys set goals. Performance management has become very critical in both private and public organizations in last few years. Performance management in a company is as important as it helps in the functioning of different strategic responsibilities within a company. Through performance management, a company is able to manage the workforce, as well as increase workforce development. However, it is of great importance to select and function the actual performance calculation system for realizing improvements of a company. The few reasons due to which performance management can fail, making a company not understand the projected expectations. For instance if the management did not understand properly the social part in the company before making the performance management system, the result may show failure. In performance management, continuous performance must be planned by the managers, coach employees, assess them and provide reviews. It may be felt that the success of performance management system rely heavily on the extent of the involvement of the manager in it. As such kind of management training is needed for up surging their competencies. Many practices in the company also play a great role in the deciding of the effectiveness of performance management. Aim of the study The primary aim of the report is to critically follow or calculate the Heinz performance management system for identifying that validity in the companys application for the Morettis job (Schlick, Frieling and Wegge, 2013). The report also seeks to calculate the system and recognize if it can be trusted upon. Lastly the study will provide suggestion to the company on how to deal performance management successfully. Scope The study covers calculation of the Heinz case with Morreti emphasizing on strategic performance management, the study gives the analysis of the case in the light of communication in the company. The study also surrounds performance valuation and how it must operate in the company (Miller, Januszyk and Lee, 2015). The study also supply the close examination of trust of the Heinz performance management which is in the respect of the employee performance management and its effects on strategic human resource management and the company activity as a whole is drawn. Lastly the study supply a suggestion the Heinz Company must follow so as to be successful. Analysis How Heinzs Approach to Performance Management was Invalid in Relation to Morettis job Strategic Performance Management Strategic performance management wires shapes that dependably see and measure the performance of the experts and meanwhile making this performance to accord to that of the organization together target (Supriyanto, 2015). Heinz performance management framework is invalid as it doesn't reflect the alliance together objective at whatever time. For example, in the wake of understanding that one diagrams expert was not performing, rather than proceeding to the individual empowering him/her where performance should have been redesigned, they starting late dismissed it. In like manner, when Moretti imperativeness being associated the performance needs so he could redesign, nothing is given. It is amazingly remarkable that performance management could be significant without acquainting with the agents. Heinz's basis is likewise invalid as it rejects demand programs. A run of the mill than customary performance management structure ought to breaker authorities' request that see an awesome par t in the inspiration of the chiefs. Powers who are socially influenced have a tendency to react unequivocally in the performance management structure (Nursey-Bray, 2010). Performance management structure ought to be away to drive powers overhaul their performance however not as a contraption of going on uneasiness in the experts which may confuse their general performance like as a conceivable aftereffect of Moretti. Heinz related performance management that was not fit for its relationship thusly saw bewilderment. It is major for each relationship to take a gander at and see all conditions that would be key for a fit performance management framework. Under this condition, it is fundamental to give the experts, and all required with the data that would help them better welcome the relationship for them to work towards the destinations (Aguinis, 2009). The supervisors' examination is key in performance management yet in a general sense related when it is joined by sensible information. Heinz performance management strategy is invalid as it uses merit rating systems that are not genuine. They guarantee that Moretti is not performing checking he doesn't review the performance of his social affair and that there were difficulties from the gathering and the boss. Performance management ought to integrate both the general open's destinations with that of the association and ought to give space for self-change for every one of the forces. Performance management sees courses in which better performance can be gotten in the connection. It should be an unfazed framework inside the association. A structure should be set and took after to update the abundance of any performance management framework (Deshpande, 2012). Not in any way like the Heinz performance management framework, an exceptional structure ought to help experts have amplified occupation fulfillment and ought to in like way help heads make and upgrade their capacities. Performance management approach must be equipped if the pioneers and the workers keep running about as partner with a standard focal point of completing the planned exertion's destinations. There is a crucial for setting ridiculous earlier appraisal with a particular last focus to see zones that may require change and territories that ought to be kept up. This was a degree that required in Heinz's performance management come closer beginning now and into the not too out of reach making it rude. Performance management should be all around designed before executing it (Yoshino, 2013). Case in point, it ought to join things, for occasion, motivations, performance audits and moreover performance estimation criteria. A strategic performance management concentrates on making people and overhauling the unmistakable leveled performance. Through performance management, the pioneers can build up the obliged structures to help their subordinates make progress. Affiliations that execute performa nce management tastefully can see staggering general performance. An influencing management concerning the power relationship is fundamental for the plenty fullness of any performance management. From the crucial examination, there is no solid relationship between the boss and the management in that clarification behind control performance evaluation might be troublesome. The pioneers in the Heinz need to keep up a solid association with the pros for them to compose sensibly the expert performance (Ohme, 2015). Through the redesigned relationship, the official can see zones that may require changes either formally or coolly along these lines overhauling the condition. Employee Feedback Heinz's approach is invalid as it doesn't give space for feedback that is vital for a sensible performance management (Hibbert, 2013). Securing of multisource feedback inside an interest is urgent for unfaltering execution of performance management. Affiliations that supplement on offering feedback to both subordinates and well concerning the management has appeared to have positive performance result. As showed up by Morgan, Cannan and Cullinane, feedback is a key part for any sensible performance management structure. Heinz affiliation together approach to performance management is invalid respectably as Moretti work is concerned as it can without a mammoth measure of a stretch be deluding (Yoshino, 1988). As a business delegate, performance can be affected through achieve region or even the thing being sold yet not as appeared by standard by the tries of the individual. Performance examination can be used; regardless, the management should be astoundingly watchful to consider outs ide parts that may influence the performance. In like way, the nonattendance of feedback in like course adds to making the approach invalid. By pulling in Moretti in correspondence, Heinz Company would have considered key framework for arranging performance management structure.Employee feedback updates employee engagement in this manner making the structure be taken vivaciously by the affiliations. Something else, delicacy to interface with employees the management be seen as being bureaucratic. As appeared by Biron, Farndale and Paauwe, employees require clear information concerning performance wish (Zhou et al., 2011). The information helps the employees see what the union expects of them thusly working towards meeting the stinging. In this manner, it is about key to set up the employees when they don't meet the standard performance happen with a specific last center to help them advance. This is something that necessities in Heinz along these lines the picked battle. For instanc e, Moretti does not see what unmistakably is required of him as the information is withheld. Additionally, key inspiration driving managing performance in this association is not to update performance yet rather to find does not have that would be used to discharge the employees.As appeared by Ferreira and Otley, the surge of information in all frameworks is basic to the plentifulness of any performance management structure. Information makes the whole structure to be sensible and to impact the hypothesis (McGuinness, 1986). For instance, when the employees are given feedback about their performance examination, they can see the degrees that may require change and place more effort on them. In like course, with information, the management will be able to see when the employees may require get framed thusly dealing with their performance by redesigning their capacities. How Heinzs Approach towards Employee Performance Management was Unreliable Performance management As showed up by Aguinis, performance management is an attempted and good 'ol fashioned structure that joins the securing of information, other than controlling of the employees for them to update their performance (Performance management, 2003). Performance management is a splendid part of the time connected with the mission of the relationship in like way the destinations. Performance management in the Heinz Company is not solid as it is a one-time thing. On the other hand maybe, this is the thing that can be proposed as performance examination that happens now and again. In like way, this performance examination is in like course lost as here is no data that is given to the employees concerning the performance. In key human asset management, performance examination is all around made together with different frameworks that would redesign performance, for case, get prepared attempts looking in the course of the last focus to make a solid performance management structure. Performance management ought to have the most depleted motivation driving affecting the employees' commitment in the affiliation. The Heinz approach can't be depended on upon as it is not a normal thing, yet rather it is something that has come up. A phenomenal than time tested performance management structure ought to be a massive thing laid out by the human asset manager, and its point ought to upgrade the performance and meeting the expansive 'ol formed destinations. Moretti had not been performance floated before; in this way, there was no reason on what he expected that would make progress (Vermorken et al., 2013). This is the focal reason Heinz managers couldn't offer obligation to him when he requested to be delineated the zones he expected that would progress. As a human asset manager, it is key to get up to speed the performance of each virtuoso and go on enough when there is a fundamental for any change. Moreover, the human asset manager, it is key to go on performance hoping to the employees and dependably give obligation after examination to overhaul performance. Heinz's approach can't be depended on upon as it is not redesigning the performance of the sponsorship. Performance management should bolster the positive conduct of the employees which is later reflected in their performance (Corporate ethics: the business code of conduct for ethical employees, 2003). Particularly made and saw performance management affects the performance of the employees moreover that of the general association together. Strategic human resource management Performance management should be totally hardened with the strategic human resource management recalling the last goal to reflect the destinations of the alliance. The bit of human resource management is to ensure that the performance of each illustrative is made to fulfilling the organization together targets (Kramar, 2013). Unequivocally when the human resource management is strategically joined, the performance examination is more major as relies on upon the unmistakable leveled destinations. Human resource management should might need to fulfill the necessities of the powers exploring the picking center to upgrade performance. As a fragment of HRM, performance management should be developed on getting the cooperation destinations as portrayed out by the human resource. Strategic human resource management takes a gander at for at obliging all activities that would help the experts meet the association's set targets (Research Methods in HRM, 2014). For example, HR has a tendency to use foundation and requesting that ace engagement perform the assertions set target. Performance management structure ought to be outlined by affiliation together goals. The performance needs should be an impression of the general association targets and destinations. Strategic human resource management joins sharpens that relate to the performance of the general connection. Performance management structure should have HR hones, for event, orchestrating systems that are away to update the performance. Strategic human resource management should use performance management with a specific completed center to see the clarification for orchestrating and get readied of the heads to fulfill the set centers of the affiliation. Human resource management has the cutoff of impacting the general alliance performance. Strategic HR sharpens plan to urge bosses to take an eagerness for activities that would develop the affiliation and debilitate that would make an affiliation together fabric behind. Human resource management makes noteworthy utilization of performance management with a specific completed goal to overhaul performance. Performance management joins a significant segment of the practices that are requiring in SHRM (Mondy, Noe and Gowan, 2005). For example, performance estimation and utilization of the best structure for keeping up the tremendous performance and those would overhaul the requiring conduct. Recommendation Training It is kept up that the Heinz managers experience execution alliance training that will upgrade their capacities in this way managed to orchestrate a structure that will be beneficial (Hartmann, 1959). Additionally, training these individuals will have the ability to comprehend the specific courses in which they are going to endeavor examinations in an all the more right way. Through training, there will in like manner be improved quality certification by the qualities other than redesiging the way the managers stipend messages related to execution to the chiefs. Through training, the managers will see how to do studies and how they should sensibly set the execution destinations that are as exhibited by the connection targets. Communication It is stayed with up that Heinz update communication between the powers and the management. In this way they will be able to turn up sensibly an inciting execution management framework. By setting up solid communication structures inside the relationship, there will be the openness of commitment from the management that will help the subordinates take off key change thusly updating their execution (Gossett, 2006). Support forward will help the management diagram that some key for sorting out and correspondingly getting new encounters that would be profitable in working up the planning structures, and likewise a prize framework. Redesignd communication between the subordinates and the management will in like way be huge as together they will be able to make execution fancies that will be utilized as the illumination behind execution examination and general execution management structure. Conclusion Performance management is earnest to the relationship as when they reinforce partnership change other than the change of the masters. A reasonable performance management structure ensures a strong stream of information from administrators to powers and from the heads to the directors. Unquestionably the Heinz performance management is invalid and correspondingly frail as it needs a monster bit of the qualities that an influencing performance management structure should have. 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