Marketing funtions

Principles of Marketing Seaworthy College In any type of organization, the internal marketing strategy and end result can greatly affect the outcome of any measured external results. Internal marketing is created and carried out In order to align, motivate and empower all employees on all levels of the business. When employees feel motivated and empowered, what follows is typically positive customer experiences that are truly aligned with the firms' organizational goals. Success in any business starts with the many roles that employees will play, in which each roll affects all others.One role the employee will play is the worker that they are in the environment they are provided. An employer or internal marketer needs to provide a work environment that enables the employee to feel excited and rewarded by their everyday duties. If the employee feels motivated by the excitement or reward, they will strive to Increase their performance. Increased performance, In turn, Increases customer satisfaction. With both employees and customers satisfied, all levels of the organization will then be satisfied. If satisfied, the employees and customers will remain loyal to the organization.Employees will also be more apt to remain loyal if they are aware of any possible challenges and given direction. All of these roles will help evolve and preserve the compass culture, with little culture or low productivity could greatly benefit from internal marketing. Internal marketing is also achieved through quality management training. This is a form of training that will enable the staff to see the cycle between employee relations and producing quality products or services. Communication with employees will increase heir knowledge, which in turn creates greater awareness and allows for the expression of opinion.Along with communication and awareness, incentives can greatly affect attitude, knowledge, and the willingness to offer an opinion. Some incentives available are positive worki ng conditions, salary recognition, and personal growth. Positive internal marketing looks to adjoin departments which will increase harmony and further improve communication. Overall, the main objectives of internal marketing are to keep the internal stakeholders satisfied and motivated. In turn, as an end result, it will keep the external customers satisfied. It will also improve employee relations and core competencies.Core competencies are defined as the strengths and advantages of a business. These competencies allow a company to expand, but should be unique enough where they cannot be replicated. All internal marketing will affect the external outcomes of each business. When the internal strengths are matched with external opportunities, all needs of customers will be met. Therefore, organizations should convert any internal weakness to strengths and all external threats into opportunities. Internal strengths ND weaknesses should be analyzed for insight on accomplishing any int ernal goals.It will also open awareness for advantages in achieving external goals. A review of employees and production will allow someone to spot possible advantages or impediments. A review of the financial ratios should be conducted to compare with other competitors. Possible external opportunities would be gaps in the market where no company is actually serving. This will allow for a new market or growth opportunity. Possible threats would be any competitors or new products. Most successful businesses not only consistently analyze their marketing, but also look to create a customer centered business.This is done by starting with the customers instead of starting with the product. Starting with the customer is creating a business' actions to support sales and staff to meet the specific clients' needs. More simply put, it's putting the customer first. Same positive result. The strategies are based around creating a quality product and correctly responding to complaints and inquir ies. This is achieved through seven steps that are completed at the business level. The first step is to communicate your central philosophy simply but meaningfully. A few short words shouldn't be hard to remember but mean the business.The second step is to elaborate the company's core values. This is a definition of how the customers, employees, and vendors should be treated at all times. The third step is to reinforce your commitment continually. The more often it is stated, the better it will stick. The fourth step is to make it visual. If an employee sees the philosophy and commitment in every day surroundings, it will become second nature. If the customer sees the same, they will begin to realize what the company strives on. The fifth step is to make it a focus during orientation.Orientation is the time where new hires take the key elements of the business away from the table. If it is mentioned in orientation, they will know the importance. The sixth step is to train, support, hire, and enforce. Some employees need to be taught and encouraged to follow new ways of thinking and acting. This will, in turn, generate loyalty and enthusiasm amongst customers. This is typically done through training, learning, coaching, observation, and feedback. The final step is to instill the idea of including the world. It creates the actions of going above and ended. Customer's decisions are based on a five step process.This process consists of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase behavior. Interactions with a company can be placed anywhere in steps two through four due to impact factors. These impact factors consist of past experiences, cognitive bias, individual differences, personal relevance, and escalation of commitment. Past results of a product will determine if the product will continue to be purchased. If the result was positive, then the action will be repeated. If the result was negative, then the action will be avoided in the future.Cognitive bias consists of many factors. Belief bias is the overconfidence on prior knowledge. Hindsight bias is when one is ready to explain the inevitable. Omission bias is omitting any info that may be perceived as risky. Confirmation bias is that the customer observes what they expected. Individual differences are based on socioeconomic status, age, and cognitive abilities. The older generation may be more confident in decision making because they have more ability to apply strategy. The socioeconomic status is meaning that some may eve less access to education and resources so they are not informed enough to make a decision.Personal relevance comes from a person feeling that their decision matters. When they feel this way, they are more likely to decide. They want to see the importance of their actions. Escalation of commitment is simply continued loyalty. Decisions, it's time to investigate the effectiveness of the marketing. This is done by various investigation techniques. One way is through search engine optimization. This is the ability to gauge the company's popularity as compared to other companies. It tracks how many times internet users have clicked on the links for the particular site.Another option is through quarterly revenue. This compares revenue against marketing campaigns. This will inform you of what actually makes the product sell. Surveys are a basic way of questioning how people feel. Surveys are done in a variety of ways, but if sent via email, there are certain services that are able to track how many of the sent emails were opened. From that number, they can they track how many went into the website. All of the options for data collection are sent through a marketing decision purport system. This is a system that is used to interpret and evaluate data.

American football and good sportsmanship Essay

â€Å"One who plays a sport fairly and loses gracefully† is how The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines sportsmanship. What is a sportsman? The definition seems to have undergone a big change over the years. If children follow the example set by today’s athletes, the definition would equal a sore loser. High school sports should be a fun way to physically express yourself as an athlete, but at the same time learn some of life’s lessons, like sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In today’s society, winning comes before everything, but if winning requires neglect of good sportsmanship, then nothing is gained in the long run. Sportsmanship matters not only in sports, but also in the rest of our everyday lives. In any competition, whether a job interview, a school science fair, or even a friendly game of cards with some friends, sportsmanship teaches you to win humbly and lose gracefully. Sportsmanship also helps us to understand each other better, because when we get along, we can listen to the other person’s perspective, and see where they are coming from, and avoid a bad, possibly violent situation. Almost everyday on the news violence is reported at a sporting event, evidence of bad sportsmanship. Without sportsmanship there would be no sports, because no one would want to compete with a person who when they lost, would throw a fit, cry, and whine. Young athletes usually learn sportsmanship from an older person, like a parent, sibling, or, probably the most influential role model, a professional athlete on television. Unfortunately many role models now days are planting the idea of gamesmanship, instead of sportsmanship into the heads of young athletes. Gamesmanship is commonly known as the art of winning games, pushing the rules to the limit, and using whatever means, to gain the advantage over your opponent. Coaches are constantly demonstrating how to be a badsportsman. They walk up and down the sidelines screaming at referees, players, and if provoked, the fans. Professional football players should enjoy the game, but dancing in the end zone after every touchdown is not the ideal way for a role model to present themselves. How can children be expected to learn good sportsmanship if their role models are telling them to â€Å"win at all costs† or â€Å"just do what ever it takes (to win)? † Athletes and sports- crazed parents should remember that whatever the situation, it is just a game, because without good sportsmanship in activities, the lessons learned lose their value. Michigan State University’s report, â€Å"Sportsmanship: Building Character or ‘Characters’? † on the Youth Sportsman Institute webpage, explains the basic idea of how the role of children’s participation in sports affects their sportsmanship. The report gives examples of how good sportsmen, and bad sportsmen are viewed by society. The Youth Sports Institute says, â€Å"participation is viewed as a double-edged sword that may have either negative or positive effects on the child†(â€Å"Sportsmanship†,1) and that â€Å"the critical factor in determining whether the youth sports experience has a positive or negative effect on children is the quality of adult leadership†(â€Å"Sportsmanship, 3). The story â€Å"Friday Night Lights†, written by H. G. Bissinger, gives examples of bad sportsmanship, like the Youth Sportsman Institute suggests. â€Å"Friday Night Lights† is a story about a football-obsessed town in Odessa, Texas. The whole story expresses winning or losing the game as a life or death situation. In Odessa, bad sportsmanship isn’t just a problem for the athletes; it is a town-wide disease. The coaches talk bad behind their player’s backs, while the fans litter the head coaches yard with for-sale signs, blaming him for losing the big game. The first instance of bad sportsmanship in the story is where Bissinger describes what was said to Boobie Miles during the previous week’s football game. One of the Cooper Cougar’s players said, â€Å"Com’on, you tough motherfucker, com’on lets see how tough you are! † and â€Å"you ain’t nothin’ but a goddamn pussy! † In the Youth Sportsman Code, these comments would definitely fall under â€Å"the making sarcastic remarks about opponents† and â€Å"the swearing at opponents† sections in the unsportsmanlike category. Bad sportsmanship occurs again in â€Å"Friday Night Lights† when the quarterback throws a bad pass as the last seconds tick off of the game clock. One of his teammates curses him, when the right thing to do would be to say something like, â€Å"good effort, better luck next time†. â€Å"If the team is in a championship game and a star player violates a team sportsmanship rule which requires removal from the game, the rule must be enforced. † (â€Å"Sportsmanship†,3) The Youth Sports Institute says to reinforce sportsmanship behaviors and penalize unsportsmanlike behaviors (â€Å"Sportsmanship†,3). The coaches should have disciplined Boobie when he was angry and threw his shoulder pads against the wall, instead of ignoring him. Another example of bad sportsmanship displayed by the Odessa coaching staff is when they talked bad about Boobie behind his back â€Å"most of the other members of the Permian football staff privately called him lazy, and stupid, and shiftless, and selfish, and casually called him just another â€Å"dumb nigger† if he couldn’t carry that football under his arm. † Coaches should always be positive towards their athletes, regardless of their personal opinion. â€Å"He sat on the bench, his eyes staring strait ahead, burning with a mixture of misery and anger as it became clear that the coaches had no intention of playing him tonight, that they were willing to test his knee out in the meaningless runaways, but not in the games that counted. † Boobie hurt his knee earlier in the season, and was not as fast as he was the year before, so the coaches benched him during the games that counted. The sportsmanlike approach to this is letting all athletes play regardless of their skill, or past experience. Ideally, society wants everyone to be a good sportsman, but realistically, in the heat of battle, with your adrenaline pumping, you will do what ever it takes to win. Until role models realize that they are role models, and start doing what is right, bad sportsmanship will continue to exist. When you do not have good sportsmanship, you will not have fun when you compete in sporting events. Athletes and fans need to remember life is not all about sports. If you give it your all, and lose, you should not get mad at yourself; it is not the end of the world! Go back out there and try harder and maybe you will win next time.

Nursing MedSurg Lewis

The nurse is caring for a patient suffering from anorexia secondary to chemotherapy. Which strategy would be most appropriate for the nurse to use to increase the patient's nutritional intake? A. Serve three large meals per day plus snacks between each meal. B. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected foods. C. Increase intake of liquids at mealtime to stimulate the appetite. D. Avoid the use of liquid protein supplements to encourage eating at mealtime. 2. The patient Is receiving an IV visitant chemotherapy drug. The nurse notices swelling and redness at the site.What should the nurse do first? A. Call the ordering health care provider. B. Ask the patient If the site hurts. C. Administer sterile saline to the reddened area. D. Turn off the chemotherapy infusion. 3. The female patient is having whole brain radiation for brain metastasis. She is concerned about how she will look when she loses her hair. What is the best response by the nurse to this patient? A. â€Å"When your hair grows back it will be patchy. † â€Å"You should contact â€Å"Look Good, Feel Better† to figure out what to do about this. † B. â€Å"You can get a wig now to match your hair so you will not look different. D. C. Don't use your curling iron and that will slow down the loss. † 4. The patient has been diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. Which type of targeted therapy will most likely be used for this patient to suppress cell proliferation and promote programmed tumor cell death? A. BCC-ABLE tyrosine kinas inhibitors B. Protease inhibitors C. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinas inhibitors. CD monoclonal antibodies (Mob) 5. A 33-year-old patient has recently been diagnosed with stage II cervical cancer. What should the nurse understand about the patient's cancer? A. It has diastase. B. It Is In situ. C.It has spread locally. D. It has spread extensively. 6. The patient was told that he would have Inter personal chemotherapy. He asks the nurse when the IV will be started for the chemotherapy. What should the nurse teach the patient about this type of chemotherapy delivery? A. A Classic catheter will be preposterously placed into the peritoneal cavity for chemotherapy administration. B. It is delivered via an Mayo reservoir and extension 3 hours. D. The arteries supplying the tumor are accessed with surgical placement of a catheter connected to an infusion pump. . The patient is being treated with peripherally for cervical cancer.What factors must the nurse be aware of to protect herself when caring for this patient? A. The time the nurse spends at what distance from the patient B. The nutritional supplements that will help the patient C. The medications the patient is taking D. How much time is needed to provide the patient's care 8. The patient and his family are upset that the patient is going through procedures to diagnose cancer. What nursing actions should the nurse use first to facilitate their coping with this situation (select all that apply)? A. Give them antiquity medications. B. Maintain hope. C. Exhibit a caring attitude. D.Be available to listen to fears and concerns. E. Teach them about all the types of cancer that could be diagnosed. F. Plan realistic long-term goals. 9. The laboratory reports that the cells from the patient's tumor biopsy are Grade II. What should the nurse know about this histologist grading? A. Cells are abnormal and moderately differentiated. B. Cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated. C. Cells are immature, primitive, and undifferentiated. D. Cells differ slightly from normal cells and are well-differentiated. 10. Previous administrations of chemotherapy agents to a cancer patient have resulted in diarrhea.Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend? A. A diet emphasizing whole and organic foods B. A bland, low-fiber diet C. A diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables D. A high-protein, high-calorie diet 1 1 . When caring for the patient with cancer, what does the nurse understand as the response of the immune system to antigens of the malignant cells? A. Tumor misdiagnoses B. Immunologic surveillance C. Immunologic escape D. Metastasis 12. The patient with breast cancer is having telegraphy radiation treatments after ere surgery. What should the nurse teach the patient about the care of her skin? A.Avoid heat and cold to the treatment area. B. Scented lotion can be used on the area. D. Wear the new bra to comfort and support the area. 13. Which cellular dysfunction in the process of cancer development allows defective cell proliferation? A. Cell differentiation B. Activation of nosecones C. Proto-nosecones D. Dynamic equilibrium 14. The patient is receiving biologic and targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. What medication should the nurse expect to administer before therapy to combat the most common side effects of these medications? A. Acetaminophen (Ethylene) B. Anderson (Saffro n) C. Ibuprofen (David) D.Morphine sulfate 15. The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to treat a rapidly growing metastasis colon cancer. The nurse is aware that this patient is at risk for tumor lists syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the patient closely for which abnormality associated with this oncology emergency? A. Hypoglycemia B. Hypoglycemia C. Hypothermia's D. Hypoglycemia 16. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing multiprocessing secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment? A. Hypothermia B. Acute pain C. Powerlessness D. Risk for infection 17.The patient has stomachache of the right leg. The unlicensed assisting personnel (ASAP) reports that the patient's vital signs are normal, but the patient says he still has pain in his leg and it is getting worse. What assessment question should the nurse ask the patient to determine treatment measures for this patient's pain? A. â€Å"Where is the pain? † B. â€Å"Do you use medications to relieve the pain? † C. â€Å"Is the pain getting worse? † D. â€Å"What does the pain feel like? † 18. Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to a patient with atheistic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury secondary to chemotherapy?A. Hydrogen peroxide rinse B. Alcohol-based mouthwash C. Firm-bristle toothbrush 19. What can the nurse do to facilitate cancer prevention for the patient in the promotion stage of cancer development? A. Teach the patient to exercise daily. B. Teach the patient promoting factors to avoid. C. Tell the patient to have the cancer surgically removed now. D. Teach the patient which vitamins will improve the immune system. 20. The patient is told that the adenoma tumor is not encapsulated but has normally fractionated cells and that surgery will be needed.

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Essay

World's Leading Producer, Distributor of Flooring Products, Mohawk Industries Signs with Harbor Payments for Accounts Receivable Automation - Essay Example Mohawk Industries, Inc. is the leading producer and distributor of carpet, rugs, stone, vinyl, ceramic tile, wood and laminate flooring, and all of the company's products are marketed under the most popular brands in this industry. Since the company has a lot of customers, this agreement is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the company's relations with them, i.e. facilitate the payment processes, as well as receiving and approving invoices and utilizing credits and discounts. Moreover, there will no longer be a need to print and mail checks. The company's officials also hope Harbor Payments system will boost the productiveness of their relations with their dealers, helping the latter be more profitable and efficient. It should not be overlooked, however, that Harbor Payments will obviously benefit from signing the agreement with Mohawk Industries, Inc., too. Mohawk Industries, Inc.'s decision to use the system offered by Harbor Payments will enable them to substitute the expensive and time-consuming process of printing and mailing invoices for delivering them through electronic channels which save both time and money;

Snow White Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Snow White Movie - Essay Example There are differences, in that the heroine in this effort is passive, a bit stupid and disloyal. This is in contrast to later heroines, in particular Belle from Beauty and the Beast. These are just a few of the similarities and differences between the early efforts put forth by Disney and the later ones. This paper will examine these similarities and differences, as well as many more. Discussion The imagery surrounding Snow White is considerably different than the imagery surrounding princesses in later Disney incarnations. The first, considerable difference between this animated feature and later features, such as The Little Mermaid is that the animals are less anthromorphized in this feature than in later ones, and the inanimate objects do not come to life, as they do in later features. For instance, in this feature, the animals do not talk. Thus, there is no talking, singing crab like in The Little Mermaid, and the dishes do not come to life and sing, such as in Beauty and the Beast. This aspect gave the movie a bit less of a fantasy quality than later movies, and lent a slightly more believable air to the proceedings. The story could have possibly happened in real life, except that the animals would not be as accommodating as they were in the feature, and, of course, the magic pr acticed by the Evil Queen would not be possible. But, since the animals and inanimate objects stay mute, the cartoon is not as much in the realm of the fantastic as the later Disney efforts. Because the animals did not talk, nor did the inanimate objects, the feature also seemed to be missing much of the humor which marked the later efforts. Some of the funnier characters in Disney films were the different animals that populate the worlds – such as the crows in Dumbo and Thomas O’Malley Scat Cat friends in The Aristocats. Another aspect to these characters, specifically the crows in Dumbo and O’Malley’s friends in The Aristocats is that these characters were unmistakably based upon African-Americans. The crab in The Little Mermaid was unmistakably Hispanic. In this way, the later features were able to subtly introduce characters of color, even though the main characters were white, or, as in the case of The Aristocats and Dumbo, animals who are based upon Caucasians. Snow White did not have any characters whom were indisputably based upon different ethnicities, as could have been the case had the animators decided to inject a few animal characters into the story, therefore the story is considerably less multi-cultural then later efforts by the studio. Another curious aspect of the story was the way that the dwarfs were introduced and handled. When the dwarfs were first seen in the diamond mine, and in their trek to their home, they were indistinguishable from one another, for the most part. The exceptions to this were Doc, who was set apart by the fact that he wore glasses; Dopey, who was set apart because he was bald and had no facial hair; and Grumpy, who was well-defined from the beginning as a grump, therefore he stood out. The others did not embody their respective names – Happy, Sneezy, Bashful and Sleepy. It would have been more effective if the viewer could have more of an introduction to these dwarfs to show exactly why and how they got their name. For instance, if Sneezy would have been sneezing in the mine and on the way home, he would have been more easily distinguished from the others. If Happy would have been seen doing a â€Å"happy dance,† then he would have been better defined. If Bashful would have been turning red early on, the viewer would have known who he was. And, if Sleepy would have been

Introduction to Quantitative Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Introduction to Quantitative Management - Essay Example at in deed the company can be able to utilise its un used crude oil to meet up the needs of the new contract which promises to be buying the Hi-Grade petrol and one which happens to be the most profitable. This means that maximising on the Hi-grade petrol which has the largest profit margin would that the company would be able to make the largest profit margin. The new contract on the other hand promises $1,336,500 from just making 14850 barrels of Hi-Grade petrol. This is at a slightly higher profit per barrel for the new contact with is standing at $90 as opposed to the $85.98average per barrel for the first contract meaning that the company should continue with the new contract. To determine the cost of a barrel of each grade of the petrol produced, this is done by determining cost of the component barrel. For example standard grade of petrol is produced by mixing 14% of crude type A. this means that14% of the standard petrol grade consist of type A crude. This is equal to 14% of one barrel of a type A which is cost14% of the cost of 93.5.this results to the following figures With a total expect profit margin of $2.3456 million, then the company can go ahead and initiate the project since there are positive expected cash flows from the projects. Building a medium park of 180 units however, remains to be the best contributor to the positive expected cash flows from the project. This means that were the projections determined to be true and fair then setting out such a plan would be best option. This would thus mean if the company decided not to purchase perfect information from the market experts at the cost of $200,000 then going as per P2 would be the better option. So if the company for its own reason decided not to commission the expert market research, its best bet to the contribution on the expected returns would be the plan P2 which has the highest expected returns’ contribution which stands at $ 1.0336 million. This is almost half of the total

Research, Writing, and Rhetoric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

, Writing, and Rhetoric - Research Paper Example The issue of influences of human behaviour is a fundamental area of study in the contemporary society where issues of morality and ethics almost always touch families and professions. A paradigm shift in the societal mindset is required to alter its potential to cause negative behaviours in the population. The power of a situation shapes the character traits of society members. Dawn K.Coutant, author of â€Å"The effect of A Power-Imbalanced Situation on The Cognitive Processing Of Low-Power Group Members† claims that when a child is born, the brain is blank (78). Knowledge is written into the brain from the experiences as one interacts with the environment. A range of factors such as culture, emotions and authority influences the traits of a person and impacts behavior. The socio-economic environment and situations surrounding the environment affects the traits of people more than they know. A person’s friends, family members, enemies, systems and even the media impact on his behavior in very fundamental ways. Many may argue about personality differences, which are inborn and not affected by the environment, but these traits are developed by situations surrounding the environment. There are certain standards and expectations that the society puts on every one of its mem bers. Adam D. Galinsky, author of â€Å"Power Reduces The Press Of The Situation: Implications For Creativity, Conformity, And Dissonance† states that the behavior of the members of the society is a product of these expectations (14). The society tells human beings what to do and how to do it. It prescribes the mode of behavior and conduct. In his book, â€Å"Replicating Milgram: Would People still Obey Today?,† Jerry M Burger explains the findings of an experiment that replicated Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies. His studies allowed for useful comparisons with the

MKTG 406 = MID EXAM & FINAL EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

MKTG 406 = MID EXAM & FINAL EXAM - Assignment Example This can be anything, a stable income or job, etc. The next level of needs which is requirement by the person is the need of love and society. The sense of belongingness is his concern at this stage. He or she starts a family and wants to become a part of the society. The next step in the level of needs is the requirement of self esteem. The person wishes to have a successful carrier and wants to be known for his success. He or she thinks himself or herself to be special. Once the self esteem stage has been achieved, the person goes on to the final level of needs known as the self-actualization. This need is way more important than anything; the aspirations come into play over here. Now having discussed the Maslow’s Hierarchy, let us go on to relating these 5 levels of needs with marketing. As the person goes through the different level of needs, he is always influenced by the some products or services at some point of time. In the first step where the person is looking for the basic needs such as food and shelter, he or she will try to select a food is cheap at the same time nutritious, the advertisement displayed or shown will play a major role in his choice. Similarly, in the second stage the person is looking for security and safety. The security can job or life insurance. Again in this situation, the various firms will try to divert his or her mind to purchase their product or services by saying how different and exclusive their services are. This way the person may or may not get manipulated in purchasing the above services. Again in the next three stages also there are various forms of marketing involved which are used against the consumers. For e xample Vodafone might call a person saying that he or she is their most valued customer and that is he or she is being offered a new mobile connection free of charge. This in return tends to affect the person emotionally and the person will most likely go ahead with the deal. Another

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International business - Essay Example A trademark is infringed when, without the owners’ consent, another party uses a substantially similar mark in connection with the advertisement or sale of goods or service, and this is likely to cause confusion, mistake, or deception regarding their origin. A trademark owner who wins an infringement suit can obtain an injunction against uses of the mark that are likely to cause confusion. In certain circumstance, the owner can also obtain money damage for provable injury resulting from the infringement and for profits realized by the defendant from the sale of infringing product or service. The shop, SpeedEX, was doing a brisk business packing and shipping items for its customers. McDodgy remembered thinking to himself: â€Å"I want a piece of that action!† to that end, on his first day as an Agelino, McDodgy rented commercial space on Redondo Beach, and set up shop copying the SpeedEX logo exactly, except for one slight difference: the two â€Å"e† ‘s in SpeedEX were changed to one â€Å"u†. He promptly incorporated the business and registered its mark, using it on his letterhead, email, business cards, and of course, a sign for the shop. McDodgy’s new business, SpudEx, Inc. claimed to provide delicious, hot French fries in 3 minutes or less, or else they were free, and used the slogan: â€Å"SpudEx: FastFreies, or FreeFries†/ McDodgy figured that since SpudEx was an entirely different business than SpeedEx, its copying of the logo was not infringing on any trademarks. He also felt secure that since he was operation all the way across town form SpeedEx in Redondo Beach, he would be sage form a law suit. There are above 7 issues are related to provision of the Lanham Act and the Dilution of Trade Marks. The Lanham Act, which establishes federal protection for certain marks, defines as any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination of these. In certain limited situation

How Google Chooses Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Google Chooses Employees - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Google is a rapidly growing organization. The speed at which it is growing is difficult for the HR department for the company keeps pace with filling the new vacancies. The company has to fill around two hundred positions every week. It is a tough task alone, but given the company’s HR department has to screen more than 100,000 jobs applications, the task becomes more complex. As a result, Google has to adopt several new and innovative ways to screen the human resource in the shortest possible time in order to start filling the jobs as quickly as possible. Google has to make sure that its recruitment and selection keeps pace with the growth targets. At any time it should not happen that there are vacancies that are not filled by the highly efficient human resource. Not only the pace is important, but the quality of staff is vital as well. IF the job vacancy is filled by average people, then they would not be able to keep up with the company’s growth policies and it would mean that the resources are lying idle. This is something that an organization like Google cannot afford. Training people to make them a better resource for a large organization like Google. Google needs to adopt recruitment and selection methods that are reliable and valid. Reliability refers to the instances that the several different measures of recruitment and selection yield the same results for Google. In other words, the selection methods should be such that they point towards a particular person or group of people. Validity means that the employees at Google are tested for what they can expect at the job. The best option for Google to ensure that its recruitment policies are in line with its growth target is to use human resource forecasting method.

Helen Essay Example for Free

Helen Essay 1. Helen’s responsibilities to each of the following groups: a. The Accounting   Department and the University –Helen’s responsibility to the Accounting   Department and the University is to uphold honour and pride. Every student is an emissary and a reflection of his or her alma mater. b. Other students in the class and in the department- Helen’s responsibility to the other students in the class and in the department is to encourage truthfulness. Being one of the top students, it is inevitable for the other students and the department to look up to her. c. Big Apple LLC-Helen’s responsibility to the Big Apple LLC is to uphold integrity, trust and loyalty. The accounting firm invited her to join them with the intention and hope to hire the best and well-suited person for the job. d. The professor of Accounting 544- Helen’s responsibility to the professor of Accounting 544 is to maintain credibility and respect to his teachings. e. Her bestfriend- Helen’s responsibility to her bestfriend is to promote trustworthiness. Someone who cannot be trusted with little cannot be trusted with much. f. Herself- Helen’s responsibility to herself is to defend her integrity. Cheating is simply a deception of one’s self. 2. From an integrity perspective, Helen should walk away from the opportunity to take a copy of the final exam from the professor’s mailbox.   Because once she gets caught, she might end up not graduating at all aside from totally losing her summa cum laude standing. In other words, she will get expelled. However, if she doesn’t get caught, she might repeat again this mistake and ruining her integrity and somehow degrading her dignity as an accountant. 3. If I were Helen and I have a goal of qualifying for summa cum laude, I would reconsider my priorities and curb time for some things that would not contribute to the attainment of my goal. I would rather consult my professors should I have a hard time dealing with my courses. I would devote more time to studying so as not to compromise the ethics that I stick by. 4. Assuming that the Empire State University provides a $5,000 award to all students who graduate summa cum laude, I will stand by my decision to uphold integrity. Because integrity is not something that you do today and forget tomorrow should the circumstances change. Integrity is the code of value that you stick by. Integrity is who you are no matter what. 5. There should be a consequence for the student who provided the exam to Helen. Because the very act of getting the exam from the professor’s mailbox is stealing and cheating. 6. Should the Empire State University have an honor code my answer would be the same. Because I personally believe in integrity and as I’ve said in my previous answer (number 4) integrity is not something that you do today and forget tomorrow should the circumstances change. 7. As a fellow student in Accounting 544 with Helen, I might feel cheated on and disappointed if I found out about what she did. I might feel that way because I could have been doing things truthfully, looking up to her, and believing that she has done things honestly to get the highest academic honor only to find out that it should not be hers. It would simply be unfair to the class,disrespect to the professor, dishonour to the university, and unethical to accounting.

Walt Whitman Essay Example for Free

Walt Whitman Essay Walt Whitman is one of America’s most popular and most influential poets. The first edition of Whitman’s well-known Leaves of Grass first appeared in July of the poet’s thirty-sixth year. A subsequent edition of Leaves of Grass (of which there were many) incorporated a collection of Whitman’s poems that had been offered readers in 1865. The sequence added for the 1867 edition was Drum-Taps, which poetically recounts the author’s experiences of the American Civil War. Walt Whitman was born May 31, 1819, in West Hills, Long Island. His early years included much contact with words and writing; he worked as an office boy as a pre-teen, then later as a printer, journalist, and, briefly, a teacher, returning eventually to his first love and life’s work—writing. Despite the lack of extensive formal education, Whitman experienced literature, reading voraciously from the literary classics and the Bible, and was deeply influenced by Goethe, Carlyle, Emerson, and Sir Walter Scott (Introduction vii). Whitman was drawn to the nations capital roughly a year after the Civil War began, at the age of forty-three. The wounding of his brother, George Washington Whitman, who served in the Union Army, precipitated his contact with the carnage of the war. Reading the notice of his brother’s injury in the New York Herald, Whitman went immediately to Falmouth, Virginia, where he found his brotherly only slightly wounded. Perpetually short-handed, Army officials asked the poet to help transport injured soldiers to field hospitals in Washington. Whitman agreed, and began a mission of mercy that would occupy him from 1862 until the war’s end in 1865 (Murray). Drum-Taps is the personal-historical record of Whitman’s wartime occupation. Drum-Taps’ early poems were written prior to Whitman’s contact with wounded soldiers, and betray a starkly different attitude toward the war than one finds later in the sequence. The chronologically earlier poems celebrate the coming hostilities, expressing Whitman’s early near-mindless jingoism (Norton 2130). As one progresses through the work, he finds a less energetic, sorrowful, jaded narrator who seems little like the exuberant youth who began. Understandable so, [Whitman] estimated that over the  course of the war, he had made ‘over 600 visits or tours, and went †¦ among from some 80,000 to 100,000 of the wounded and sick, as sustainer of spirit and body in some degree, in time of need’ (Murray). What follows is a contemporaneous review of his work that speaks of the esteem that much of the world extended Whitman as patriot and poet of Drum-Taps: New York Times, 22 November 1865, p. 4. Mr. Whitman has strong aspirations toward poetry, but he is wanting entirely in the qualities that Praed possessed in such large measure. He has no ear, no sense of the melody of verse. His poems only differ from prose in the lines being cut into length, instead of continuously pointed. As prose, they must be gauged by the sense they contain, the mechanism of verse being either despised by, or out of the reach of the writer. Considered as prose, then, we find in them a poverty of thought, paraded forth with a hubbub of stray words, and accompanied with a vehement self-assertion in the author that betrays an absence of true and calm confidence in himself and his impulses. Mr. Whitman has fortunately better claims on the gratitude of his countrymen than any he will ever derive from his vocation as a poet. What a man does, is of far greater consequence than what he says or prints, and his devotion to the most painful of duties in the hospitals at Washington during the war, will confer h onor on his memory when Leaves of Grass are withered and Drum Taps have ceased to vibrate. (New York) Timely assessments of Whitman’s Drum-Taps largely concur with the Times. Whitman shared their outlooks; Whitman himself thought not of Drum-Taps as particularly literary, but human, [poetry with] no dress put on anywhere to complicate or beautify it (Lowenfels x). The most celebrated poem of the sequence comes near the end, in what is a sequel to the original collection of war poems and the events that provoked them. That sequel, Memories of President Lincoln, delayed the publication of Drum-Taps, and includes his masterpiece of the 1860s, When Lilacs Last on  the Dooryard Bloomed (Walt 2130), as well as the much celebrated and anthologized, O Captain, My Captain (Price). Whitman’s feelings toward Lincoln ran deep; his sense of sadness over the death of Lincoln was profound (Price). After the war Whitman worked in the Office of Indian Affairs. Upon his supervisor’s discovering that he was the author of Leaves of Grass, he was summarily released. Friends [then] secured for Whitman a post at the attorney general’s office, where he remained until suffering the first of a series of strokes in 1873, which left him a partial invalid (Introduction). In March of 1892, Walt Whitman died in Camden, New Jersey. As Whitman’s life was nearing its end, his esteemed positions in literature and society were rising to the heights one finds them today: American public opinion was gradually swayed by new evidences that the invalid at Camden could command the respect of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the poet Laureate, and many other famous British writers (Walt 2131).

Nat Traversal For Video Streaming Applications Information Technology Essay

Nat Traversal For Video Streaming Applications Information Technology Essay Video streaming is considering one of the famous technologies which is used today. It provides the ability to playback video files remotely through computer networks. The demand for this technology is rapidly increasing due to wide spread of Internet and increasing of the network bandwidth[1] While HTTP protocol uses one TCP port at the transport layer, RTP can use many ports. RTP can use UDPs or TCPs ports at the transport layer depending on how much the packet path is suffered from packet loss [2]. In low packets loss environment, the use of RTP over UDP protocol is preferable, since in media streaming, the small ratio of packets loss better than packets delay. Hence, the higher reliability of the TCP is not desired[3]. UDP/RTP has also the multicasting feature and has the ability to deal with real time communication due to its features in bandwidth, jitter, reliability and end nodes processing. RTP/TCP can cause the video streaming to suffer from discontinuity because the need to retransmission and reordering the packets, whereas RTP/UDP can suffer from dropping the packets by some filters (firewalls) in the Internet Service Provider (ISPs). Some ISPs drop UDP packets because they are connectionless hence unfair against TCP traffic. They also need high processing power and memory to ensure security [4]. But the main issue that can occur is when using the RTP with the Network Address Translation (NAT). NAT drops any RTP/UDP or RTP/TCP packets that are initialized from the outside (Internet) when incoming to the end-systems (behind the NAT). The NAT is a technology that permits many computers on the same network to share a public Internet Protocol (IP) address for accessing the Internet. The main reason behind the wide spread of using the NAT is the limited number of the available IPv4 addresses [5]. The use of RTP/UDP or RTP/TCP video streaming is started with a TCP connection that is established by a request from the client to the server, after initial negotiation using the RTSP protocol on the same established TCP channel, the server starts video streaming through UDP or TCP ports initialized from the server not through the original RTSP/TCP channel [2]. The NAT permits to pass the outgoing connections requests from a host behind the NAT into the outside network (like Internet) [6], however it does not permit to pass any connection request from the outside network (like Internet) to any host behind the NAT [7]. This is because the translation table entry is constructed only when a client (behind the NAT) initializes a request to connect to a host on the outside network (Internet) [8], [9]. If the initialized request came from a host on the outside network of the NAT into the inside network, the NAT cannot identify the destination host for this request and the connection between the outside host and the inside one cannot be occur [8], [10]. Regarding to the RTP/UDP video streaming, the NAT will not allow the UDP video streaming channels to pass to the client behind the NAT, since the RTP/UDP channels are initially established from the server (on the Internet). Considering the RTP weakness points, the HTTP protocol, is the preferable choice for video streaming. However, HTTP protocol also has known weakness points: the user can suffer from quality reduction and playback discontinuity due to the probing behaviour of TCP protocol. This can also cause an oscillating throughput and slow recovery of the packet rate. In contrast, the UDP protocol provides a mean to keep the desired sending rate constant. It also keeps streaming smooth and eliminates the TCP related processing. This paper presents a novel method to utilize the benefits of both TCP and UDP. The proposed method enables NAT traversal by converting each RTP/UDP and RTCP/UDP packet into fake TCP packet just before being sent (at data link layer) by adding a fabricated TCP header before each UDP video streaming packet and making the necessary modifications to the length and checksums fields. These fabricated TCP packets will pass the NAT, since they will be transmitted on the channel (IP, TCP port) that firstly initialized (RTSP/TCP channel) by the client behind the NAT. In this paper, this channel is called the active channel. The receiver, on the other side has to restore the original UDP packet before being processed by the corresponding transport layer. The restoration is based on a specific signature. In order to restore the packets, every fabricated TCP packet has to have a known signature. Depending on that signature, the receiver will restore the original packet. All of the previous changes are performed at the data link layer. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: section II, looks at some related work. In section III, the proposed methodology and algorithm are presented. In section IV, the experiments of the implemented proposed method and its discussions are described. In section V, the evaluation of the proposed method and comparisons between the proposed method and the existing technologies are presented. The paper is concluded is section VI. Related work Limited to our knowledge, no many similar works are presented. However, [4] present a method to overcome the RTP/UDP issues by putting a proxy server between the client and the streaming server (at the global network). The proxy receives a HTTP request (TCP) from the client and translates it to a RTSP/RTP request to the server (TCP+UDP). The proxy has two different connections (one for the client and the other for the streaming serve). The main function of the proxy is to translate the HTTP streaming protocol into RTSP/RTP streaming protocol. This can overcome the NAT problem due to that the HTTP request (TCP) is initialized by the client and the reply will pass through the same TCP port. However a third device is needed. In addition it is still using the constraints of the TCP between the proxy and the client (e.g. retransmission and reordering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc) (in addition to the increase of traffic to the network). Another issue is that there are too many operations in order to convert a complete application protocol into another one. Beside, this method loses the real time property that is needed for end to end communication because all the packets mush be forwarded at the proxy server. Proposed Methodology In this work, both the client and the server are assumed to convert all the RTP/UDP streaming packets into fabricated TCP packets that can be sent to the other side using the active channel. This fabrication process which is implemented for Windows Operating System (OS) requires a full control of the incoming/outgoing packets. However, there is the issue of source code of the TCP/IP (non open source for Windows OS) is not readily accessible and Windows does not allow the manipulation of the packets in any TCP/IP protocol suite from level above the TCP/IP driver layer. To overcome the inaccessibility issue, a hooking technique is used in order to control the (frame/packet) at the point that links between the protocol driver and the NIC card(s), which is represented by the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS). Hooking is a technique that can convert the calling of one operating system function into a new one that in turn calls the original one. The new function can do extra job before moving the execution to the original. This can be done without the need for the source code of the original [11]. The proposed modules is implemented and run in windows user mode. When the module can hook the NDIS, it can monitor, control, add, and modify the NDIS incoming/outgoing packets easily. The NDIS-Hooking driver inserts itself between TCP/IP and all of the adapters that bind with it as shown in figure (1). Figure 1. NDIS hooking driver with relation to user mode When TCP/IP sends a packet, it reaches the NDIS-Hooking driver (as a frame) before sending to the adapter. Likewise, packets that are to be indicated (received) on TCP/IP will go to the NDIS-Hooking driver first. The fabricated TCP header is inserted/deleted in the data link frame, this means that the original RTP/UDP protocol is used without modification. Nonetheless the fabricated packets can still bypass the NAT as authenticated ones. Figure 2. Proposed frame structure As these extra bytes (fabricated TCP header) will add when the packet is in the data link layer, this may cause the packet to exceed the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the network. Since, no packet must exceed the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of the network [12], [13], therefore, the senders MTU must be decreased by length of the fabricated TCP header length (20 bytes). The whole proposed system is composed of two main modules. The first module resides on the streaming client while the second resides on the streaming server. Figure (3) shows the video streaming network topology. Figure 3. Video streaming network topology Each module consists of the following components: A component (hooking function in Fig. 1) that makes the access to the frame at the data link layer. This component accesses the frames in data link layer which is in the kernel mode and moves it into the user mode and vice versa. A component that finds the required frame based on its content. This component extracts the specified packets from the frames which have to be changed (fabricated/restored) depending on sending direction (income/outcome). A component that makes the required modifications (fabricating/restoring) to the predetermined packets. This component changes the predetermined packets depending the sending direction (send/receive). In sending, the component changes the RTP/UDP packet into fabricated TCP packet. In receiving, the component restores the fabricated TCP packet into its original RTP/UDP content. This component also re-computes length and checksums. Client Side Module As mentioned earlier, the module has to access the kernel (at data link layer). This is done by accessing the NDIS driver. The module listens until a packet event has occurred. There are two possible scenarios: Incoming packet: If the packet is coming from the streaming server, then the program will look for the TCP that contains an RTSP packet. If this RTSP packet contains both the clients and servers streaming ports, then record this connections information into an array. This is happened normally at the setup phase of the RTSP connection. Later (when the RTP packet used), the client will check every TCP packet if it contains a specified signature. If this signature is raised (in the TCP header), this mean that this TCP packet is fabricated and it contains the original RTP/UDP packet. The program will remove the TCP header and recomputed the UDP and IP checksums. All these steps are done before sending the packet to the rest of TCP/IP protocol stack Outgoing packet: If the packet is outgoing to the streaming server and the outgoing packet was a RTP/UDP packet, then insert a new fabricated TCP header before the UDP header. This fabricated TCP header contains the TCP connection information taken from the appropriate record from an array containing all streaming connections details. This TCP header also contains a specified signature that has to been recognized from the streaming server in order to return the packet back to its original RTP/UDP packet. This operation also needs to recompute the checksums. All these steps are done before sending the packet to the adapter. Figure 4 shows the flowchart of client side module. Figure 4. Flowchart of the client side module Server Side Module In server side module, steps similar to the client are also implemented. The difference is that the system gets the RTSP connections details from the outgoing TCP packet instead of incoming TCP packet in the client. Figure (5) shows the flowchart of the main steps of the server module. Figure 5. Flowchart of the server side module Experiments and discussions Experiments Setup In this experiment, we use three PCs running windows XP. Two PCs with one LAN card (client and the server). The other PC (working as a NAT) contains two LAN cards. RedMug streaming server commercial software is used on the server site. The VLC media player (version 1.0.5) is used on the client side. The VLC media player is set to use the RTSP protocol by giving a URL of one movie on the streaming server. The proposed method (client and server modules) is implemented in VC++.Net Framework and it is running in windows OS environment in user mode. A windows device driver (Windows Packet Filter Kit winpkfilter 3.0 from NT Kernel Resources, http://www.ntkernel.com) is used for the hooking purpose. Experimental Results and Discussion In the first experiment (before using the proposed method), the client tries to access the movie on the streaming server using the above system configuration. The connections establishment and the video streaming negotiations between the client and the server are established normally. However, the connection fails at the stage of data streaming transformation (see Fig. 6). Figure 6. Connection breakdown when data streaming transforming began (server side) The reason for the success of the initialization of the client-server connection and all the negotiations needed to transfer the video streaming are that the connection request is a TCP and the initialization is coming from the client (behind the NAT) and the video streaming negotiations are done by the RTSP that uses the active channel. However, the client could not receive the video streaming data since the NAT dropped the RTP/UDP video streaming packets. The client then sends a teardown command to inform the server that the negotiation is over. The client starts one additional negotiation tries before it close the connection. In the second experiment, we used the proposed clients and server modules. After running, the two modules start monitoring the data link frames. The client monitors the outgoing streaming request while the server monitors the incoming streaming request. When the client request a video streaming from the server, The connections establishment and the video streaming negotiations between the client and the server are established normally and the client starts to display the video streaming data as shown if figure (7A and 7B). FEATURE HTTP RTP/TCP RTP/UDP PROPOSED METHOD Directional Bidirectional Bidirectional Uniary Uniary Playback hiccups Yes Yes No No Quality Reductions Yes Yes No No Oscillating throughput Yes Yes No No Slow recovery Yes Yes No No ISP firewall Traverse Traverse Blocked Traverse NAT traversal Yes No No Yes End-to-End Delay Long Long Short Short Window buffer and reordering Yes Yes No No Streaming method Downloading or progressive Streaming Streaming Streaming Figure 7A. Connection still active when the data streaming are transforming (server side) Figure 8B. Video streaming is displayed in the client (behind the NAT) When negotiation is captured, the host records the connection details: IP, TCP port and the streaming UDP ports. The host will insert the fabricated TCP header (after the UDP header) in the video streaming packet before sending it. The reason for the success of transforming the streaming data is that the sending host converts each streaming UDP packet into a fabricated TCP packet that bypasses the NAT because it uses the active channel. The receiving host in turn restores the fabricated TCP packet into the UDP streaming data at the data link layer before sending it to the upper layer. Evaluation A comparison between our proposed method and the existing technologies is presented in Table 1. The proposed method has several advantages over the existing technologies, although the new packet size is 20 bytes larger than the normal RTP/UDP packet, but less compared with the HTTP. This has a little impact on the network performance. The proposed method can traverse the video streaming over all types of NAT. It can also traverse the firewall that blocks the UDP ports that RTP may use, common with home Internet gateway. Streaming might fail at times even if the gateway has a built-in RTSP NAT. Reference [4] utilizes the two streaming protocols separately by using a third device (proxy) between the client and server (every side with whole streaming protocol advantages and disadvantages), the proposed method utilizes the benefits of the RTP and HTTP protocols without using any extra device. Table I. CURRENT AND PROPOSED METHOD COMPARISON Conclusion The two main transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP can be used in streaming but with the whole advantages and disadvantages of using that protocol. In this paper, a new method is presented and implemented that can merge some advantages of both protocols. It enables the client and server to use UDP advantages in each side for streaming. Both client and server gains scalability by not having to deal with some TCP processing feature (e.g. Acknowledgement and window buffering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc). In the other hand, utilize the benefit of the TCP advantages to traverse the NAT and the firewall. In other words, the stream is not discarded and traverses the NAT and the firewall. The experimental results show that the new method achieves the firewall traversal and Nat traversal even with the most difficult NAT (symmetric NAT).

Did Odyssues Bring The Trouble :: essays research papers

Did Odysseus and his men bring the string of catastrophes on themselves? Yes, they did get themselves into serious trouble. With a pompous attitude, the men prolonged their journey home to Ithaca. Those who did not have Odysseus’s smarts, died because of this. When they raided the Cicones’ village, harassed Poseidon’s son, and killed the Helios’s cattle, they punished themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Odysseus and his men stormed Cicones, and reeked havoc on all that lived there, even the sheep. They killed men who fought, robbed the citizens, and enslaved the women, and slaughtered the livestock, before dividing the loot between them. But this was a fatal mistake, for the Cicones had a great and powerful army. Odysseus’s shipmates fought a hard battle, but were defeated in the end. Many of their lives were lost. “Six benches were left empty in every ship';. Their selfishness cost them friends and shipmates, and made their attempt to get home, even more difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After stabbing Polyphemus in his eye and blinding him, Odysseus provoked and harassed the Cyclops, which angered him immensely. “ Cyclops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes’ son whose home’s on Ithaca';, shouted Odysseus to the crippled Polyphemus, which was not very smart. If Odysseus had not told the Cyclops this incriminating information, he would have had a much safer journey. Polyphemus begged his father Poseidon, god of earthquake, to curse Odysseus. The Cyclops cried out to his father to prevent Odysseus from returning home, and pleaded with him to let Odysseus lose his companions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circe and Tiresias warned Odysseus and his men that it would be disastrous if the sun god’s cattle were harmed. Odysseus urged his men, who were fatigued, to avoid the island of the sun god, Thrinacia. Instead of heeding this warning the men landed on the island, but only after Odysseus made them swear not to touch the cattle. On the island, they did not just touch the cattle, they made a meal of them. Helios, the sun god, was infuriated, and he asked for restitution from Zeus. As a punishment for their crimes, the ruler of all gods threw down a bolt of hot lighting and destroyed Odysseus’s ships.

Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil -- Illegal Drugs Legal

Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has still not been legalized. It is already proved by famous scientists that marijuana is not addictive and no one ever died only because of marijuana, yet tobacco is addictive and causes more than five million deaths per year. But due to discrimination tobacco is accepted and marijuana is not. Marijuana, if legalized, could be used as a source for medicines and other beneficial substances. Indeed in countries like England marijuana has been legalized for medical purposes, it is used as a sedative. The results are very pleasing. †Hemp†- the plant that marijuana originates from has lots of other uses. Very efficient medicines can be made from this plant. Moreover it is very cost efficient to be used to produce other by products such as shirts, trousers, coats, cosmetics, paper among others. As we can see, legalization could even help a lot the Brazilian economy. Everyone is conscious that marijuana, even not being legal, is used and produced everywhere. It has become a permanent part of contemporary society. Do people really think that the use of marijuana is going to stop because it is illegal? If it was legalized, even the government could benefit by making marijuana ... ...of drugs, educated by families and schools, not with statements such as â€Å" don’t do drugs† or â€Å"drugs are bad for you† because these are very inefficient. I think campaigns should be done by giving options and showing both sides like â€Å"drugs are easy to reach, and they can cause immense pleasure but there are prices to pay such as overdose, suicide, depressions and even death, there are some people that handle this and don’t suffer these causes, but some do suffer a lot, the choice is all yours†. As you can see, there are many relevant points to support the legalization of marijuana. Violence, economy, conflicts, abuse and many other problems would be solved and improve. The lives of all Brazilians would be less worrying and more pleasurable. My last question, if all of this could get better, why not legalize marijuana?

Comparing the Play versus the Film of William Shakespeares Much Ado Ab

Comparing the Play versus the Film of William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing ?Much Ado About Nothing'' is a postwar love story. Its principal subject is that of romance that may settle over the land after soldiers come home. I noticed that Much Ado is actually two love stories. One concerns sweetly innocent lovers who are driven apart by the plotting of enemies. The other involves very sarcastic lovers who are swept into each other's arms by the benign machinations of friends. I had a lot of trouble understanding the dialect, I grew up a country boy and we didn?t do much of this in my 14 persons graduating class. None the less I didn?t think it was a waste of time either. It was of very good quality as far as a plot is concerned. It had evil, jealousy, lust, love, romance, comedy and of course tragedy. If I were to do it over again I would go see the movie first, the play second. I was able to understand more from the movie than I did the play. I think that if I had done this I might have got more from the play. As the good prince of Arragon, Denzel Washington did a superb job, and as Claudio, the love-struck innocent, Robert Sean Leonard performed great just as he has done in any other theatrical movies that I have seen him in. But in the lesser role of the prince's evil half brother, Keanu Reeves didn?t appear to be all that special, at times he did look evil but I have never been a big fan of Keanu?s acting. He always sounds like a baboon when he opens his mouth. Maybe I am just remembering too much of Bill and Ted?s Excellent adventure? Beatrice and Bene*censored* are adversaries united only in their contempt for marriage. Once the two finally let down their guard and allow their true feelings to blossom... ...and several more keeps you and your emotions on a roller coaster ride. Which is brilliant because we all know that as humans we adhere to stimulation and that is what it does, it stimulates us by incorporating all these emotions and jumping around with them. With the movie it also adds a score and soundtrack as well as camera shots and things that appeals to our senses that much more. At least it does for me. Branagh's interpretation of Shakespeare's play leaves the viewer with the impression of a fairy tale in which everyone (except the villain) will live happily ever after. The film is good, but even as I am partial to the movie I do believe to properly appreciate Shakespeare's work it is necessary to take the time to peruse the play in a leisurely and contemplative manner, and if anything to get the WHOLE play in which the movie did not give.

Increase In Suicide And Crime Among Youth

The headlines of one of the leading newspapers often goes like, â€Å"A professor beaten to death by his own students†. Going through such headlines has become a routine affair for us. The country is plagued by many catastrophic, socio-economic issues like poverty, terrorism, illiteracy and corruption. The involvement of the youth in overcoming these problems is of great importance. The youth, in a rising nation like ours, plays a strong role in bringing reforms to restructure the nation. They protest and demand what is best for the nation.However, lately, in order to earn quick bucks and the need to fulfil their dreams and desires at the earliest, young people have resorted to unlawful means to achieve them. Is the future of the nation becoming its own destructor? According to the National Crime Records Bureau, 44 per cent of the arrested criminals belong to the age group of 10 to 30 years, which is the ‘youth’ There is a section of the youth who have been achiev ing their goals through unlawful means. Crimes ranging from thefts to kidnapping, murders, rape and sex scandals involve such people. The crime rate has been drastically increasing.Why has the youth of this nation become so pugnacious? Is it due to under-employment or the lack of law enforcement in the country? On one hand, we are fighting to reduce the minimum age of consumption of alcohol while on the other, we are consuming it, driving recklessly and killing people. We are raising our voices on women’s safety and we are the one raping them. Youngsters belonging to well-to-do families have also been caught in cases of hacking bank accounts. According to leading psychiatrists, the lack of adequate opportunities frustrates young people to an extent where they use any method possible to attain success.Many also believe that youngsters who take the path of crime are the troubled ones. This could be true in some of the cases but people in their 20s, committing a murder over who should get a prantha first is something beyond imagination, as seen in an incident that occurred at midnight in a posh area of South Delhi. Such cases are endless. Many cases like sexual assaults and minor rapes go unreported and the youngsters feel free to commit the same again. Even the judicial system shows leniency towards the accused and no stern action is taken.It is time for the country to revamp its judicial system and processes. Most of the accused are not afraid of being caught after committing the crime. The criminals know that their case will simply pile up with the rest of the cases and by the time the punishment is announced, they might not even exist. Further, the government should take appropriate measures to revive the economy so that employment opportunities are created, not just in metros but in rural areas as well. An alarming report on increasing suicides in India is calling for urgent intervention and rethinking of our system.What's wrong with Indians? Our coun try had shown the world the path to eternal happiness. And, now, Indians are an unhappy lot!†¦ If you probe further deeper into reasons, you will see many cultural, genetic and religious factors Young people in India are committing suicide at a much higher rate than in the West, says The Lancet report, entitled Suicide Mortality in India released on June 23, June 2012. The first ever national survey of deaths in India found that some 56 percent of all women who took their own lives in 2010 and 40 percent of men were aged between 15 and 29.The suicide rates are highest in the 15-29 age groups, peaking in southern states that are considered richer and more developed with better education, social welfare and health care. Opportunities that have come with two decades of economic boom and open markets have also brought more job anxiety, higher expectations and more pressure to achieve, mental health experts said. This is calling for urgent intervention and rethinking of our institut ion called India or Bharat. Added to it, many suicide cases still go unreported as people hide what is still an illegal act in India.The higher rates may come from â€Å"the greater likelihood of disappointments when aspirations that define success and happiness are distorted or unmet by the reality faced by young people in a rapidly changing society,† said Dr. Vikram Patel, one of the report's authors. He also noted online social networking was making â€Å"loneliness more common. † He admits his conclusion is conjecture, but says â€Å"I cannot think of any more plausible explanation. † People in his neighborhood remember Kunju Shivankutty as a likable youth.But the 20-year-old, from Manjeri in North Kerala, was troubled deeply by having failed three times to pass the admissions testfor a government-run engineering college. On August 15th, 2011, coinciding with India's Independence Day, Shivankutty wrote a letter to his parents. â€Å"I am sorry, Acchan-Amma (Dad-Mum), for not having been a good son. I could not fulfill your dreams for me. I let you down before the relatives. Shame is the only feeling I have at present and I can’t bear it any more. Please forget about me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then he hung himself.His father Parameswaran, a transport companyemployee, had invested heavily in his son's education, hoping the boy could lift the family's circumstances by becoming a career engineer – a sure road to middle-class prosperity. Such familial pressure, however, can push a young person to the breaking point. â€Å"The case of failing one's parents, or not succeeding in meeting targets set by the family, is one of the chief reasons for young Malayalis [a Kerala ethnic group] taking the extreme step â€Å"I was weak, I thought I could be strong but I was weak! I was so so weak, the fault is my own.Hope something good happens with my death. I have left the building† These are not words from a Chetan Bhagat best seller thou gh I wish they were. These were the last words of Nitin Kumar Reddy before he flung himself from his hostel roof at IIT Madras. As India celebrates year on year economic growth we have started putting a lot of pressure on our youth. In our rush to win we have crushed the hopes and aspirations of our youth. We have started a race to win at all costs. In 2009, almost 3000 children below the age of 14 committed suicide. If we look at the 15-25 age group the number jumps to 50,000.But the scariest statistic is that for every successful suicide there are almost 14 unsuccessful attempts. Clearly the youth of our country are in distress. But the symptoms are there to see †¢ Toddlers are made to compete in talent shows. †¢ Teenagers are entering singing and dancing competitions †¢ High school students go through a grueling schedule to balance school curriculum with preparation for entrances to elite institutions like the IITs. Who is responsible for this? Who killed Nitin? So me people might say it is the system that is responsible for this, but aren’t we responsible for creating this system.We are forever drawing comparisons between our children and the others and this is just leading to a unsustainable situation. Is this what we have been reduced to? Is that what we want? To compete and win at all costs. A recent survey showed that almost 85% of parents in urban India do not allow children to take up professions of their choice. This is probably the greatest reason for stress among India’s youth, being stuck in professions that they don’t enjoy or are not suited for. Like I said we all know what the symptoms are, but the challenge is to treat the disease and not the symptom.How can wechange the situation for our children and the youth of tomorrow? I propose these four steps. 1. Identify- The key is to listen, observe and identify activities that the kids enjoy and are attracted to. Which activity draws them more, what they enjoy do ing? 2. Analyze- based on our observations, we need to map the activities and likes of the child to sustainable careers that that activity can sustain. If we are not experts in that field, there is a high possibility that there is someone in our network that will know someone. Also councilors both in school and outside can be used for the same.3. Decide- Once the mapping has been done, we can decide on a few career choices of the child’s liking and also something where his passion lies. 4. Monitor- Once the decision has been made it is important to monitor the children. Often they grow and once they grow their preferences change, it is important to monitor those changes and incorporate that into their plan. People are usually very good at what they do, once they enjoy it. A good example is cricketer Sachin Tendulkar who enjoys cricket and has been the best for the last 20 years..A few weeks ago, I got a text from my friend saying that a guy, who had been my classmateduring hi gh school, had committed suicide. I seriously thought that this friend was playing a prank on me. Later I discovered the truth. He did commit suicide. I had always seen this guy to be one with great self-esteem and self-confidence. Then why out of nowhere should he take this decision. That was all people spoke for a couple of months. Everyone had only one question. The same question, to be exact. Why? Now thinking about this issue of suicide, I did a little research and the results I got were too shocking.Statistics show that every five minutes, someone, somewhere in India, attempts suicide. This makes suicide the third major cause of death. Also, annually more than 1,00,000 people commit suicide in India, of which one-thirds are youth. Diverse backgrounds, diverse goals and diverse opinions! But same decision! Today, the youth in India form one of the most vulnerable groups, who on the one hand are expected to be the leaders, the backbone of tomorrow’s India, while on the ot her hand, are a browbeaten and baffled cluster.There is an imbalance between the youth population and the limited opportunities for admission in schools and colleges, and specifically in professional courses. This puts the youth under great pressure. First class and second class are hardly adequate results anymore. Parents are helpless too, as both public and private institutions have caused economic burden to them. If you think getting admission is the toughest thing that youth can ever experience, rethink! Placements are another hell. You need to get everything right.And even after getting placed, the comparison in relation to the pay received, causes all the more pain. A person with the pleasure of working but with limited salary is certainly not welcome in this society. People have come to a point where they are ready to trade their work pleasure for money. Tough deadlines and hectic work atmosphere have taken the lives of many youth. Friendships and relationships have also play ed equal parts in this gamble for life. Youth are too sensitive to sort any sort of relationship problem.The problem may be anything; fight with best friends, bitter misunderstanding with girlfriend/ boyfriend followed by an even bitter break-up, family issues with parents fighting over their lives or over financial issues. But the youth are greatly affected. They bundle up all these grievances in their hearts and eventually give their hearts a complete rest so they will never have to face the same, again. I am blaming all. There are plenty of youth who have followed their heart to be what they wanted to be. But the fact that this suicide virus is taking away the lives of millions of youth is alarming.Something has to be done to cripple it. In battle between the thirst to have their dream life and the urge to fulfill the expectation of the society, many are shattered. While a very few regain their stand, the rest take the ultimate decision of ending their lives. When they have the g uts to face the pain of ending their lives for one moment, why aren’t they having the same guts for a moment longer to face the battle? If a person is disturbed, all that has to be done is just talk. Words can do wonders, even help see beyond the mist. And you will never know what marvels are awaiting you!

Assessment Sheet Essay

Sheet What are three key things you learned about the Dark Ages in this lesson? Please be sure to include at least two complete sentences for each one. In Norman settlements, Lords controlled the villages as well as ruling and governing their land. Lords were oftentimes knights and served the king Norman settlements were surrounded by a wall that encompassed the lord’s house, and the rest of the village and the lord’s house usually had yet another wall. The village usually contained a stockpile of food, a well, and weapons. The idea is that they would have everything that they needed to survive within the walls, in case of an attack. Old English resembles modern English, but not very closely. One must remember that old English was only a component of the languages that formed together to make modern English. Latin, Celtic and German were blended together and reformed over time to make today’s English. Christianity wasn’t always the main religion of ancient Britain. It only became truly popular and dominant after the romans had been ran out of Britain and the Germanic tribes formed together to make the Anglo-Saxons. Explain two things that you would still like to know about the development of Old English. Please be sure to include at least one complete sentence for each one. I would like to learn more about the Modern English words that show roots in German Latin and Celtic. I would enjoy studying which language our grammar is based off of, and how we mixed certain rules in grammar from different languages. In one paragraph, describe how the language of English evolved during the Dark Ages. What were the influences that changed it over the years? Which ethnic backgrounds were involved in this evolution? Please write at least four sentences for this response. Old English gets its roots from the Celtic language that was spoken in ancient England. The romans invaded, and sent the Celtic population north and into Ireland. The clashes with the romans brought a little Latin into the language. When the Germanic tribes invaded the language also adopted a little German and the mix was known as Old English.

Importance of Uttarayan Essay

Shivya: Hi Shivam, how is your uttarayan going? Shivam: Very nice. How about you? Shiyya: Enjoying. But I do not know why uttarayan is celebrated. Can you lighten me? Shivam: Well shivya there is more to Uttarayan than just holding a string and a kite. Let us today understand the religious aspect of Uttarayan. Het can you pls. share with us the information that you have? [By that time their other 5 friends join them and take part in the conversation. All of them give information about the topic which entilighten us about the religious aspect of Uttarayan] Het: Hello everybody. Well Uttarayan is celebrated in many parts of the country and also in some other parts of the world with great zeal and enthusiasm. It is a harvest festival which is basically celebrated in the Hindu communities. In Indian, the states of Bihar, Bengal, Punjab, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu celebrate the festival with great fervor and gusto. Now I will tell Harsh to share some of information that he has. Harsh: U know Het, In Tamil Nadu the festival is known as Pongal, in Assam as Bhogali Bihu, in Punjab, as Lohiri, in Gujarat and Rajasthan, as Uttararayan. In Uttar Pradesh it is celebrated as Khichdi or Donation festival. In Bihar it is known as Til Sankranti or Khichdi festival. Outside India, the festival is given due importance in the countries like Nepal where it is celebrated as Maghe Sakrati or Maghi, in Thailand where it is named as Songkran and in Myanmar where it is called Thingyan. Shivya: Wow I thought Uttarayan is celebrated only in Gujarat. But I can bet it must not be celebrated anywhere like in Gujarat with the sky becoming so colourful. Devayani what information you have to share with us. Devayani: Well you know the way Makar Sankranti is celebrated in every state of India with faith and joy, it can be guessed that the festival has some religious beliefs. This festival is mentioned in many of our religious text, which enlighten about the festival’s religious significance. The religious scripture, â€Å"Gita† which is known as the voice of Lord Krishna, illustrates that six months of Uttarayan is the day time of deity. And, the 6 months of Dakhshinayan is the night for Gods. It is believed that person who scarifies his body in Uttarayan get a position in ‘Krishna Lok’. That person gets liberation, whereas, the one who dies in Dakhshinayan, has to be reborn. In the era of Mahabharata, Bhishma Pithama had a blessing of wish death. Although lying on the bed of arrows, he did not sacrifice his life in the Dakhsinayan, and waited for the Sun to go in Uttarayan. It is believed that on the day of Makar Sankranti, when sun entered in the Uttarayan, Bhishma Pithama, discarded his body. Scientifically, this day the sun begins its northward journey and enters the sign of Makar (the Capricorn) from the Tropic of Cancer. It is like the movement of sun from Dakshinayana (south) to Uttarayana (north) hemisphere. It is the one of the few chosen Indian Hindu festivals which has a fixed date. This day falls on the 14th of January every year according to the Hindu Solar Calendar. The festival is considered to be a day from where onwards all the auspicious ritualistic ceremonies can be solemnized in any Hindu family. This is thus considered as the holy phase of transition What do you say Ashiti. Am I right? Ashiti: Yes Deyanai, in fact another one religious story is also there which states that, Yashoda Mata kept fast to have Lord Krishna as her son. The story of Gangawatran is also linked with Makar Sankranti. It is said that on the day of Makar Sankranti, Ganga followed Bhagirath Muni and met the ocean. Conjunction of Ganga and ocean is the reason behind crowd of devotees taking bath in Ganagasagar on Makar Sankranti. Capricorn is a sign of Saturn. On the day of Makar Sankranti, sun enters into the sign of Saturn. Sun God is the father of Saturn. Father goes to meet his son in his home. Saturn and Sun, both are might planets, who’s auspicious blessings can make humans achieve great success. Hence, on the holy festival of Makar Sankranti people delight sun and Saturn. Shankranti means transmigration of Sun from one zodiac in Indian astrology to the other. As per Hindu customary beliefs, there are 12 such Sankrantis in all. But the festival is celebrated only on the occasion of Makara Sankaranti i.e. the transition of the Sun from Sagittarius (‘Dhanu’ Rashi ) to Capricorn(‘Makara’ Rasi). Lastly Jai can you put some more information on the topic. Jai: Yes my dear friends. Makar Sankranti holds special significance as on this day the solar calendar measures the day and night to be of equal durations on this day. From this day onwards, the days become longer and warmer. It is the day when people of northern hemisphere, the northward path of the sun marks the period when the sun is getting closer to them. The importance of the day was signified by the Aryans who started celebrating this day as an auspicious day for festivities. The reason behind this may be the fact that it marked the onset of harvest season. Married women pray to Sun God for long life of their husbands and give gifts to their elders, in return take blessing that the way days are getting longer, similarly, the life of their husbands also keep increasing.

Feminist Perspective in Sociology Essay

â€Å"If we are to achieve a richer culture, rich in contrasting values, we must recognize the whole gamut of human potentialities, and so weave a less arbitrary social fabric, one in which each diverse gift will find a fitting place. † — Margaret Mead I. Prologue At present, it is quite difficult to imagine how there was a time when women were not afforded the same rights and opportunities as men. Some of these rights and opportunities include the right and opportunity to pursue a college diploma and a career, and the right to vote. At present, it is quite revolting to think how women were tagged and branded to remain at home and pursue the best interests of her family members, but not hers. It is quite difficult to imagine, but the truth of the matter is that there was such a time that all these unimaginable things and revolting things were happening, when women were to take the backseat to the men and when they were not regarded as equals. The goal of the first wave feminism was to correct all these notions and to try to achieve a position for the women when they do not take the backseat to the men, but stay beside the men as their equals. Slowly, this was achieved. Hence, women were then are given the right and opportunity to pursue a college diploma and a career, and the right to vote, among all others. All of these things are remarkable achievements and should in and by themselves, be commended. However, it cannot be denied once again, that the struggle of women does not end with the first wave feminism, after all its not apt to call it the first wave if there is no second wave. The second wave devolved around the problems that the achievements of the first wave put to fore. The sum of all these goals is ultimately for society treat woman not just as an object but as a subject — who has her own thoughts and who can speak through her own mind and with her own voice (Delmar, 2005, p. 32). The ultimate goal was to liberate woman from her reification. Thus, MacKinnon remarked: I say, give women equal power in social life. Let what we say matter, then we will discourse on questions of morality. Take your foot off our necks, then we will hear in what tongue women speak. So long as sex equality is limited by â€Å"sex difference† whether you like it or don’t like it, whether you value it or seek to negate it, whether you stake it out as a grounds for feminism or occupy it as the terrain of misogyny, women will be born, degraded and die. We would still settle for that equal protection of the laws under which one would be born, live and die, in a country where protection is not a dirty word and equality is not a special privilege (1987, p. 45). The issues and problems created by the first wave as manifested in the second wave led Bell Hooks to assert that [a]ll women are oppressed, and being oppressed means the absence of choices. The goal of this Paper then is to try to explain in a simplified but not in a simplistic manner what Bell Hooks meant when she cited the above-mentioned assertion through an exposition of some the writings during the second wave feminism. The Paper shall be divided into four parts. The first part is the Prologue, where these paragraphs fall under, which shall discuss in general the background and the goal of the Paper. The second part shall discuss in general what Bell Hooks asserted through the reference materials. The third part shall discuss in specific detail how all women are oppressed, once again through the reading materials. The fourth part is the epilogue, which shall present the conclusion and personal thoughts of the writer of this Paper. II. The New Face of Oppression Oppression presupposes two parties, one is the oppressor and the other is the object of the oppression, or oppressee, so to speak. During the first wave it is quite apparent that the oppressor is the patriarchal and machismo characteristic of society, or men in short, and the object of the oppression are women. In the second wave, one wonders how Hooks made this assertion given the fact that the men and women dichotomy and oppression were no longer as manifest. The answer is simple, while the first wave may have achieved equal rights and opportunities for women and men, there is still oppression. It is only that the faces of the oppressor and the oppressee have changed. With the second wave, other women became the oppressors. According to most critics, this was an inevitable consequence of setting equality with males as the primary goal of feminism (Jhappan, 1996, p. 25). Jhappan expounds: [i]n reality, the positions of power and privileges enjoyed by white men have only been made possible by racism and sexism, they require hierarchy, skewed power relations, inequality and the subjugation of the majority (white women and people of colour). It seems to me that white women’s â€Å"equality† with white men would only be possible of the race hierarchy were kept substantially intact since the privileges that white men enjoy depend upon a racially satisfied social system (p. 25). Simply, this means that with the goal of equality with men, women aimed for an equally oppressing position, where they are now the oppressors. While men were no longer tagged as the oppressors of all women, within the circle of women rose other oppressors in the face of fellow women who are of a different color. This is what Angela P. Harrris discusses in her article, in relation to what Catharine MacKinnon discusses in hers. Generally, the idea of the latter is that there is a universal concept of a woman so to speak. This universal concept of a woman is what was oppressed by society through male domination and supremacy before. For MacKinnon, there is just one experience, culture, heritage, needs for all women, thus, their needs are all alike. As most feminists then were white women, most of what was pushed for were for the needs of the white women. This is also known as the notion of a monolithic women experience (Harris, 2002, p. 384). Through this gender essentialism and worse, racial essentialism was likewise furthered (Harris, 2002, p. 384). Thus according to Harris, they reduce the lives of people who experience multiple forms of oppression to additional problems: â€Å"racism + sexism = straight black woman’s experience† or â€Å"racism + sexism + homophobia = black lesbian experience. † Thus, in an essentialist world, black women’s experience is always forcibly fragmented before being subjected to analysis, as those who are â€Å"only interested in race† and those who are â€Å"only interested in gender† take their separate slices of our lives (p. 384). An example for Harris is what MacKinnon does when she reduces Black women to just worse forms of white women, and not as a separate and diverse woman apart from the white woman, but not an aggravation. MacKinnon imparts: [b]lack is not merely a color of skin pigmentation, but a heritage, an experience, a cultural and personal identity, the meaning of which becomes specifically†¦ and glorious and/or ordinary under specific social conditions. It is as much socially created as, and at least in the American context no less specifically meaningful or defective than any linguistic, tribal, or religious ethnicity, all of whom are conventionally recognized by capitalization. While women on paper, were liberated from their reification, what happened really was that white women were liberated from reification. White women were no longer considered as objects —they became subjects. Black women, though they were women but because they were black, were not similarly liberated. This is because [w]hite feminists have exposed male essentialism only to replace it with another essentialism based on the notion of an essential woman. However, as it turns out, this generic â€Å"woman† is not only white, but middle class, and also able-bodied†¦Over the last couple of decades people of color have highlighted the silences of racists Eurocentric history and discourses which render all â€Å"others† invisible (Jhappan, 1996, p. 22). By virtue of the monolithic experience of women, women who did not fit the mold of the monolithic experience were oppressed in the sense that they were left with no choice. The choice was already made for them by the systems that were built in place respecting such monolithic experience. They were left with no choices as their needs were not addressed. The needs that were addressed were the needs of those who fit the monolithic experience of women. III. The Specific Instances of Oppression The specific instances of oppression that are discussed in the reference materials are enumerated below. a. Oppression in Relation to the Family Through the idea of the family wage, women were oppressed with the fact that they were made dependent on the wage of their husbands. They were made dependent with the notion that â€Å"a working man should earn enough to support his family† (Gavigan, 1996, p. 237), and consequently, the place of the woman or the wife is at home (Gavigan, 1996, p. 237). As the husband already earns enough to support the family, there is no more need for the woman to earn and augment the budget for the family. Thus, she is tasked by society to stay at home and address the needs of her family members. Such admittedly, does not require professional and personal growth. Thus, while the members of the family pursue different goals in their lives, the woman is stuck at home looking after the family members, sending them off to reach their dreams, while she stays in her place. In addition, if and when a woman earns, she is given minimum wage. The notion of minimum wage was put in place to accommodate individuals who were single and who did not have dependents to support (Gavigan, 1996, p. 238). In this wise, women were oppressed with the fact that when they earn, what they earn is not even enough to provide for their dependents, if any. b. Oppression under the Law Under the law, heterosexual relationships are afforded more advantages and privileges, in terms of â€Å"tax benefits, standing to recover damages for certain torts committed against spouses, and rights to succession and insurance benefits† (Gavigan, 1996, p. 263). The same are not afforded to homosexual relationships; thus women are oppressed. Oppression of women under the law is manifested explicitly in Welfare Law. When women seek assistance under the welfare law, especially the solo parents, they have a hard time obtaining the assistance that the law provides because of the very stiff and stringent definition of â€Å"spouse† under the laws such as the Family Law Act, RSO 1990 and Canada Pension Plan Act : â€Å"spouse† means either of a man and a woman who (a) are married to each other or (b) have together entered into, a marriage that is voidable or void, in good faith on the part of the person asserting a right under the Act x x x â€Å"spouses† means a spouse as defined in subsection 1 (1), and in addition includes either of a man and woman who are not married to each other and have cohabited (a) continuously or (b) in relationship of some permanence, if they are natural or adoptive parents if a child x x x â€Å"spouses: in relation to a contributor means’ (i) if there is no person described in subparagraph (ii), a person who is married to the contributor at the relevant time or (ii) a person of the opposite sex who is cohabiting with the contributor in a conjugal relationship at the relevant time, having so cohabited with the contributor for a continuous period of at least one year (Gavigan, 1996, p. 266) When solo parents seek social welfare assistance, there were always resort to the courts in order to determine whether or not a particular relationship was sufficiently conjugal to warrant the characteristic as spousal and consequently to warrant the benefits provided by the social services (Gavigan, 1996, p. 266). Also, the definition of the term â€Å"spouse† was too technical such that even in heterosexual relationships, there were always doubt as to whether a relationship is sufficiently conjugal to warrant the benefits granted by social services (Gavigan, 1996, p. 267). An example of the ill-effect of this law is the requirement that the spouse who should support the spouse (wife) and the children, must not live in a certain proximity; otherwise the latter cannot receive the benefits under the Welfare Law (Gavigan, 1996, p. 269). c. Oppression by Virtue of Race or Color This form was already discussed in part two. However, in addition Jhappan tells us that for colored women, race rather gender has been the primary source of oppression. †¦while white feminists have theorized the male breadwinner dependent-female, post-Industrial Revolution family form of the West as a source of women’s oppression, different family forms persist in other culture even among those living in the diasporas, For many women of colour, in fact, state actions such as iimmigration and labour policies that have separated and distorted families have oppressed them more than gender relations (p. 23). d. Oppression of Oneself by Oneself Women also admit that in and by themselves, they are oppressed. As there are women who are of different cultures, there are certain aspects of their identity that is rejected by another aspect, but which they ultimately have to deal with. For instance a woman who has both black and Caucasian heritage, the black heritage forsakes slavery while the Caucasian heritage promoted the same. There may be instances in the life of such person when decisions have to be made favoring one aspect over the other, and in such instance, the woman is the oppressor of her own self as she is left with no choice but to decide in such manner, although contrary to an aspect of her identity. IV. Epilogue Delmar has pointed out that the problem of oppression within the circle of feminism is rooted on the fact that the very definition of feminism is monolithic and abstracted. The very definition of feminism forgets or averts from the reality that there exists a multiple consciousness of women. With the realization that a multiple consciousness of women exists, then there may be the realization that there are various facets of oppression. Consequently, solutions may be afforded to these various facets in order to abolish, if not minimize the same. This is why at the beginning of this Paper a quote from Margaret Mead was stated. â€Å"If we are to achieve a richer culture, rich in contrasting values, we must recognize the whole gamut of human potentialities, and so weave a less arbitrary social fabric, one in which each diverse gift will find a fitting place. † With the realization that women are rich in culture, in contrasting values, then we can realize that there is a whole gamut of potentialities. With such variety, a less arbitrary social fabric may be established, and through such less arbitrary social fabric, each and every individual may find his or her own place without necessarily fitting into a monolithic mold. References Delmar, Rosalind. (2005). What is Feminism? Feminist Theory: A reader, 27-36. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gavigan, Shelley. (1996). Familial Ideology & the Limits of Difference. Women and Canadian Public Policy, 225-78. Toronto: Harcourt Brace. Harris, Angela. (2002). Race and Essentialism in Legal Theory. Women, Law and Social Change, 4th ed. , 383-92. Concord, ON: Captus Press. Jhappan, Raddha. (1996). Post-Modern Race and Gender Essentialism or a Post-Mortem of Scholarship. Studies in Political Economy 51:15-58. MacKinnon, Catharine. (1987). Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination. Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, 32-45, 240-45. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.